As características particulares de cada contexto devem ser levadas em consideração no ensino de programação com o intuito de minimizar os altos índices de abandono e reprovação nestas disciplinas, comumente registrados na literatura. Levando isto em consideração, este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo observacional realizado na disciplina introdutória de programação em uma universidade pública brasileira. Os resultados mostram que é necessário adotar estratégias de ensino diferenciadas com estudantes que já sofreram reprovaçõees prévias, e que não há evidências de que a utilização do português estruturado possa favorecer a aprendizagem de programação. Os resultados deste estudo auxiliam na identificação de problemas a partir de dados obtidos dos alunos e no desenvolvimento de estratégias para minimizá-los.
Diagnosing Tuberculosis is crucial for proper treatment since it is one of the top 10 causes of deaths worldwide. Considering a computer-aided approach based on intelligent pattern recognition on chest X-ray with Convolutional Neural Networks, this work presents the proposition, training and test results of 9 different architectures to address this task as well as two ensembles. The highest performance verified reaches accuracy of 88.76%, surpassing human experts on similar data as previously reported by literature. The experimental data used comes from public medical datasets and comprise real-world examples from patients with different ages and physical characteristics, what favours reproducibility and application in practical scenarios.
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Quais aspectos são relevantes e precisam ser considerados na escolha de um kit de robótica educacional? Kits de robótica educacional, em sua essência, proveem hardware, software e material pedagógico para viabilizar a utilização deste recurso no contexto da sala de aula, mas há que se considerar as necessidades de cada contexto e as características diferentes que cada kit possui. Levando isto em consideração, este trabalho apresenta e analisa comparativamente as características de três kits para robótica educacional disponíveis no mercado, considerando diferentes aspectos nesta análise, tais como acabamento do hardware, material pedagógico disponível, dentre outros. Além de enfatizar e contrastar as características dos kits apresentados, outra contribuição deste artigo é fornecer informações para o processo de tomada de decisão na escolha dos kits de robótica a serem adotados em contextos reais de sala de aula.
There are advantages in the use of quantum computing in the elaboration of attacks on certain pseudorandom generators when compared with analogous attacks using classical computing. This paper presents a polynomial time quantum attack on the Blum–Micali generator, which is considered secure against threats from classical computers. The proposed attack uses a Grover inspired procedure together with the quantum discrete logarithm, and is able to recover previous and future outputs of the generator under attack, thereby completely compromising its unpredictability. The attack can also be adapted to other generators, such as Blum–Micali generators with multiple hard-core predicates and generators from the Blum–Micali construction, and also to scenarios where the requirements on the bits are relaxed. Such attacks represent a threat to the security of the pseudorandom generators adopted in many real-world cryptosystems.
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