The objective of this study was to accomplish a survey on populations of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus species in sugarcane farming areas in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Twenty samples of soil and roots were processed to extract and quantify nematodes; however, the identification of Meloidogyne species was performed using only 12 samples. Pratylenchus spp. were reported at moderate population levels of 68-1556 specimens 50g-1 of roots and 2-298 specimens 100cm-3 of soil in twenty analyzed samples. For Meloidogyne spp., these values were of 12-487 specimens 50g-1 of roots and 0-140 specimens 100cm-3 of soil. Based on electrophoresis of esterase isozymes, M. incognita was reported to be the most frequent species, followed by M. javanica and M. arenaria. Pratylenchus species identified through morphometrical and morphological characteristics were P. zeae and P. brachyurus , with predominance for the first species. No significant correlation (P≤0.05) were reported between nematode populations and sugarcane cropping systems.
The weevil Ozopherus muricatus Pascoe, 1872 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is already considered a pest in Brazil for açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) plantations. Its presence has become more frequent and caused significant reduction in the production of açaí fruit. Studies on the biology of this insect pest are still scarce, hindering its management. For studies on pheromones, for instance, it is essential to correctly identify the sex of the insect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in pupae and adults of O. muricatus in order to allow the identification of males and females. Larvae, pupae and adults were collected from açaí plantations and kept in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) type incubation chambers. Adults and pupae were examined under a stereomicroscope, and dimorphism was determined through observation of external morphological characteristics. In addition, adults were dissected in order to observe genitalia and confirm the sex of specimens. In the pupae, sexual dimorphism was characterized by the presence of two protuberances in the terminal ventral region of the abdomen of females, which were absent in males. In adults, sexual dimorphism was also observed, based on the final abdominal segments. In males, it was possible to see all eight abdominal tergites, while in females tergite VIII is covered by tergite VII. Thus, the sexual dimorphism present in the morphological characteristics of O. muricatus allows the distinction between males and females of this species.
O grande crescimento comercial do açaí gerou uma expansão das áreas cultivadas, com consequente aumento na incidência de pragas nestas plantações, é o caso do gorgulho Ozopherus muricatus Pascoe, 1872 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Este trabalho teve o objetivo de encontrar diferenças quantitativas na morfologia externa deste inseto que possibilitem a sua diferenciação sexual, otimizar um protocolo por meio de marcadores moleculares para adultos de O. muricatus e analisar a diversidade genética da população. Insetos adultos foram coletados em plantações de açaí localizadas no Município de Buritis, Rondônia. Foram realizadas medições do corpo de 30 insetos, e também medição e análise das antenas, utilizando microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Não existem diferenças entre machos e fêmeas de O. muricatus com relação ao comprimento total do corpo. Através da MEV foi possível observar que as antenas de O. muricatus em ambos os sexos são clavadas e geniculadas. Não existem diferenças no tamanho dos segmentos das antenas de machos e fêmeas. Foram observadas nas antenas de machos e fêmeas, sensilas tricóide e caética; As sensilas tricóides foram as mais numerosas. O antenômero terminal da antena (Clava) é o local onde se concentra o maior numero de sensilas tricóides, apresentando também sensilas caéticas. Através desta pesquisa, foi realizado o primeiro registro de sequências depositadas no GenBank para a espécie Ozopherus muricatus Pascoe.
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