Результаты и дискуссия. Проводится сравнительный анализ динамики патентования в Российской Федерации и за рубежом в разрезе технологических направлений, приводятся примеры расчета и применения индекса относительной специализации в построении технологического атласа патентной специализации. На сегодняшний день отечественными фондами поддержки научной, научно-технической и инновационной деятельности недостаточно активно используется патентная информация с целью технологического прогнозирования, необходимого для формирования конкурсных линеек поддержки научных проектов на перспективу. Это, в свою очередь, может привести к неэффективному расходованию их инвестиционных средств. Заключение. Авторами разработан технологический атлас патентной специализации (по выданным патентам) на основе индекса патентной специализации, который может быть использован как фондами научной, научно-технической и инновационной деятельности при принятии стратегически важных решений в процессе выявления инвестиционных приоритетов, так и грантополучателями на этапе проектирования технологических решений. На основании проведенного исследования была составлена матрица рейтинга стран по индексу RSI по каждой из технологических областей, которая позволяет определить место 10 стран-лидеров патентной активности в рейтинге стран по индексу RSI в разрезе технологических областей. Ключевые слова:патентная аналитика, относительный индекс специализации патентов, RSI, технологический атлас патентной специализации, приоритеты научно-технологического развития, фонды поддержки научной, научно-технической и инновационной деятельности
Introduction. Human resources potential is one of the most important tools for achieving the objectives included in the key programme documents for the development of science and technology in the Russian Federation and the main element in the research and development resources of the state. Human resources potential is fundamentally made up of researchers employed in science and technology, including young researchers. Even though in recent years the government of Russia has been paying a lot of attention to developing mechanisms to attract and support young researchers in the sciences, we are still seeing a decline in their number, including in the number of researchers aged 39 or younger. The article presents the findings of tools for monitoring the financial support available to young researchers, recipients of scholarships and grants from the president of Russia, as well as grants provided by key research foundations. Monitoring Tools. The main monitoring tool is formal logic methods such as classification, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction. The monitoring was conducted using the materials published on the official websites of research foundations, the annual reports of said foundations, as well as other information in the public domain. The monitoring covered 42 foundations and 8 federal regulatory acts. The subject of the study was the financial tools for supporting young researchers, specifically the grants and scholarships of the president of the Russian Federation and major research foundations such as the Russian Research Foundation, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises, and the Skolkovo Foundation, as well as state-funded programmes aimed at supporting young researchers; the findings of the monitoring are summed up in consolidated tables. Results. The support system for grant recipients spans all age categories of young researchers. Meanwhile, federal programmes offer a broader range of assistance to students, postgraduate students, and young researchers than to candidates and doctors of sciences. The most common types of assistance are grants and scholarships, while prizes are not as common. Regional and industrial foundations for assisting research, development, and innovation only function in some regions of the Russian Federation. Programmes aimed at supporting research activities are offered by regional and industry foundations through their official websites and are widely varied (the most common offerings include competitions, training programmes, organisation of conferences, exhibitions, forums, as well as special prizes and grants). Conclusion. Thus, the article provides information about the existing system of grants aimed at providing support and assistance to young researchers; the article also offers some information about the conditions, amounts, and timeframe for the provision of the scholarships and grants from the President of the Russian Federation; there is also a review of the tools for assisting young researchers in the context of such recipients’ status, as well as the forms and types of assistance (including for young researchers) provided by industry and regional foundations for research, development, and innovation.
The article summarizes the experience of technology to create artificial motivations for the formation of client flows in the context of solving problems: 1) the development of areas with a weak tourism and recreational potential; 2) extending the life cycle of tourist products; 3) management of client flows. In this paper the concept of artificial motivation is examined in three aspects: from the point of view of psychology, economics and marketing. In particular, the marketing aspects of the concept of artificial motivation are considered in the context of the region´s attractiveness as a tourist destination. As the main purposes of marketing highlighted are formation, maintenance or alteration of customer behavior in relation to a particular locality, region or country as a whole. Territory in which distribution occurs is treated as a set of opportunities for implementation of the different needs of tourists. If the tourist-recreational opportunities (resources) of the territory are limited, great importance is placed on artificial creation of motives for travelling. The article focuses on the description of the main approaches to the creation of artificial motivation at different stages of the life cycle of tourist products; examined are the key factors for creating an artificial incentive to intensify visits to tourist areas; highlighted are the psychological mechanisms of motivation formation, as well as major stimulants, such as: fashion, prestige, imitation authoritative personalities, creating a legend. The study highlights two main ways of solving the problem of formation of artificial motivations: first, due to the existence of unconscious needs and / or the lack of motive on the part of potential consumers of travel services; the second is related to the perceived needs and motivation of the consumer directed at another tourist attraction. The study describes in detail different possibilities of creating artificial motivations at different stages of the life cycle of the tourist product. The article cites numerous examples of artificial motivation in tourism.
The article deals with the specific characteristics of operating of the market mechanism in the field of tourism and hospitality services, which must be taken into account in the organization of tourism and hotel business. In addition to specific features, to a greater or lesser extent inherent to any market, on which the services are main object of relations, the authors highlight several important distinguishing features, typical mainly for the tourism market. The article notes that elements of macro-environment that are usually attributed to the factors of indirect influence on the company, have, along with elements of micro-environment, direct influence on all the processes taking place on the tourist market. The authors also highlight the main factors that currently have prevailing influence on the function and structure of the tourism market. Among them are a global political situation, public policy and economic processes in the country and world. This article provides a list of current events in the world and Russia, illustrating the interconnection of policies and tourism market structure, shows the mechanism of action of the economic crisis on the dynamics and structure demand and offering on the tourist market, and among others considers the relationship between the development of inbound, outbound and domestic markets during crisis. The article also point out that tourist market by its very nature - is a world market and it is important to consider the interdependence of its main elements on a world-wide scale. This in turn affects the algorithm for solving the problems of effective tourism product planning and development of organized tourism on the basis of partner interaction of all market participants. This article analyzes the development trends of domestic tourism market, as well as identifies the main opportunities for the improvement of the Russian tourist market: the growing online sales, the development of event tourism, low-cost airlines, the development of regional tourism, the formation of a new system of classification of hotels and others.
The article is devoted to specialized tourism projects, which are focused on the formation and development of patriotism in young children. In recent years, the problems of patriotic education take key place in national and regional educational and training programs. However, as it is noted in the article, not enough attention is paid to development of patriotism in young children, who are most susceptible to the effects of various forms and pass through one of the most important stages in the formation of identity. The article highlights the features and techniques of children´s patriotic development and justifies importance of emotional connection with a territory or place in formation of this feeling in children. The article also shows that the development of specialized tourism and local history projects can be an instrument of formation and promotion of images of national heroes and patriotism in general. The article describes a specialized project "Fairytale Map of Russia". The authors have revealed the potential for its use in children´s educational and training programs for the development of patriotism. The main objective of creating an image of the national folk hero is the selection and positioning of its strengths and qualities, which in most cases are the basis for the formation of the child´s personality and can be used for the development of patriotic characteristics of children. The article presents the description of Russian national fairytale heroes that may be the basis for an empirical image for the generation a sense of love of country in young children. The authors have determined that the use of submitted fairytale images allows solving a number of key tasks associated with different areas of children’s education. In the article the connection between common educational functions and the functions of patriotism is revealed; and categorization of folk images of national fairytale heroes on the basis of their impact on the development of certain common cultural and patriotic qualities is provided.
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