Resumo Esta revisão objetivou analisar a insegurança alimentar e nutricional no meio rural brasileiro, bem como os instrumentos de mensuração utilizados na avaliação dessa situação. Realizou-se revisão sistemática nas bases de dados SciELO, Pubmed e o portal de periódicos da CAPES, usando os termos de busca: ‘segurança alimentar’ e ‘rural’. Posteriormente foi realizada busca reversa dentro dos artigos selecionados. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais, relacionados à (in) segurança alimentar e nutricional na população rural brasileira. Foram incluídos 12 estudos. A maioria utilizou a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar-EBIA e questionários socioeconômicos para avaliar a insegurança alimentar (IA), sendo encontrada associação entre eles. Cinco estudos abordaram o aspecto nutricional pela antropometria, porém não encontraram associação com a IA. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por quatro estudos e foi observada associação. Os resultados mostram alta prevalência de IA no meio rural em relação à população analisada na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio-PNAD nos anos de 2009 e 2013, assim como alta prevalência de IA grave. Conclui-se que o meio rural se apresenta em vulnerabilidade, principalmente quanto à questão alimentar e nutricional e aos determinantes socioeconômicos atrelados.

Background Food insecurity is a public health concern that affects health and quality of life, but its association with cardiometabolic risk is not well established. Thus, this systematic review evaluated the association between food insecurity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and the elderly. Methods Search was conducted according to the PRISMA protocol using Scielo, LILACS and PubMed databases. We included original articles published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, which assessed the association between food insecurity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and the elderly. The search identified 877 articles but only 11 were included in the review. Results Food insecurity was directly associated with cardiometabolic risk (excess weight, hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes, and stress) after adjusting for interfering factors. A limitation of the cross-sectional study design is that the cause-effect relation between food insecurity and cardiometabolic risk cannot be established. Conclusions We conclude that food insecurity has a direct relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors, especially excess weight, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. The identification of food insecurity as health problems can contribute to the implementation of efficient public policies for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Protocol registration This review was registered on PROSPERO-International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews – CRD4201911549.

A transdisciplinaridade pode ser entendida como a convergência de disciplinas que se conectam entre si, em um ou vários momentos dentro de uma organização, e assim, permitindo uma nova compressão da realidade. Esta aproximação de conteúdos permite produzir conhecimentos considerando as múltiplas dimensões.

The majority of studies on anemia are focused on children and women of reproductive age. Although the disease is a widespread public health problem, studies that include the rural population are scarce. This study determined the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in adults and the elderly living in the rural area of a municipality in Minas Gerais. Twelve rural communities were included. During home visits, hemoglobin levels were measured using a hemoglobinometer to check for the presence or absence of anemia. Additionally, anthropometric data and food insecurity data based on the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) were collected. A questionnaire about socioeconomic, demographic, and housing conditions was applied. Analyses were performed using the Stata software version 13.0. Spearman correlation and regression analysis logistics were performed (p < 0.05) on 124 families (n = 297 farmers). The prevalence of anemia was 41.1%, being higher among women (55.7%). Additionally, 40.1% of the farmers were food insecure; 52.7% and 80.5% presented excess weight and cardiovascular risk, respectively. Poverty was a reality for 39.7% of individuals. A positive correlation between hemoglobin levels and per capita income was found as well as a negative correlation with EBIA scores and cardiovascular risk. Multivariate analysis showed that individuals experiencing food insecurity, the elderly, and those who do not own a property, were more likely to be anemic. Farmers with per capita income above 1/2 minimum wage were less likely to have anemia. The prevalence of anemia in the group studied was higher than previous studies. The disease is associated with factors that also predispose to food insecurity. The improvement of the determinants of insecurity can contribute to the fight against anemia.

Objective The natural probiotic kefir is fermented milk, and may have effects on satiety and voluntary energy intake. This randomized crossover trial aimed to determine whether kefir, consumed with low- or high-glycemic index meals, affects appetite and subsequent food intake. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with families of farmers who supplied Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar from 2011 to 2016 in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. To assess Food Insecurity, the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was applied to the person responsible for purchasing and producing meals in the family. The nutritional aspect was analyzed through the measurement of hemoglobin to check for anemia among family members and using the household food availability survey, where it was possible to analyze the amount of calories available for consumption, as well as the origin and kind of food. Results 27 families were evaluated, totalizing 91 individuals. With the Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, it was found that 25.9% of the families were in light food insecurty situation. When caloric availability was assessed, 11.0% of families were considered insecure. In contrast, 59.0% of families had high calorie availability per capita (>3000 calories). Of the total households, 14.8% had more than 50.0% of the calories available for consumption coming from their own production. The foods most commonly produced for self-consumption were fresh vegetables, which are the most common ones supplied to Programa Nacional de Alimentação. In addition, the main source of kilocalories for the families were fresh and minimally processed foods. The presence of anemia in at least 1 resident was detected in 29.6% of households, with a negative correlation between the hemoglobin value (g/dL) and the Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar score. Conclusion It appears that the majority of the families of farmers supplying Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar are in a situation of Food and Nutritional Security, both by Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar and by the household availability of food. However, we cannot ignore the percentage of insecure families, since this situation can lead to other problems. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly assess the family situation of Fodd Insecurty and encourage production for self-consumption so that it contributes to food availability and quality. For this reason, the we highlight relevance of programs that strengthen the production and commercialization of food from family farming.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of pesticides, symptoms of intoxication and health conditions of family farmers in the Mata Mineira area, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with 48 family farmers from a municipality in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to obtain demographic, socioeconomic information and characterization of the use of pesticides. Blood samples were collected from farmers for biochemical tests and evaluation of markers of exposure to pesticides. It was found that 75% of farmers used pesticides in food production, most of these products being extremely toxic. These farmers showed changes in plasma cholinesterase, erythrocyte cholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, markers of exposure to pesticides. There was an association between spraying for more than 4 hours/day and reporting of acute symptoms of intoxication, as well as between the use of pesticides and the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Multivariate analysis indicated that non-compliance with the period of re-entry into crops after the use of pesticides remained as an explanatory variable for lung disease. We infer that acute symptoms, as well as chronic non-communicable diseases reported by family farmers, may be associated with the use of pesticides.

A construção de um modelo de atenção à saúde integral e de qualidade, requer formação de recursos humanos aptos a trabalhar e a fortalecer o sistema público de saúde. Para essa construção é necessário colocar em pauta a responsabilidade das instituições de ensino e os anseios dos futuros profissionais de saúde frente ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).  Verificar a perspectiva profissional e avaliação do curso de graduação por estudantes de nutrição, medicina e enfermagem quanto ao SUS. Estudo transversal realizado com estudantes do último ano de graduação dos cursos de nutrição, medicina e enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Viçosa-UFV. A coleta dos dados se deu mediante aplicação de um questionário estruturado. Foram levantadas informações sobre o SUS enquanto política pública e mercado de trabalho e a influência da graduação na orientação profissional e nos conhecimentos sobre este sistema. A tabulação dos dados foi realizada no Software Microsoft Excel. O presente trabalho foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (687.930/2014) e a participação foi mediante a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Foram entrevistados 69 estudantes, sendo 29% (n=20) do curso de medicina, 33% (n=23) de nutrição e 38% (n=26) de enfermagem. A maioria 60,9% (n=42) do total de estudantes analisados considerou o SUS uma política pública de sucesso; 92,3% (n=24) dos estudantes de enfermagem e 80% (n=16) dos estudantes de medicina disseram pretenderem trabalhar no SUS. No curso de nutrição prevaleceu a não pretensão de trabalhar no SUS (52,2%). Do total de participantes, 65,2% (n=45) consideraram a graduação muito importante para a formação dos seus conhecimentos sobre o SUS. 39% (n=9) dos estudantes de nutrição e 76,9% (n=20) dos estudantes de enfermagem disseram que a graduação o estimula a trabalhar no SUS, no curso de medicina não houve diferença entre as respostas. Os estudantes entrevistados dos cursos da área de saúde da UFV, em sua maioria, tiveram uma avaliação positiva do SUS e da graduação como estímulo ao trabalho na saúde pública e responsável pelos seus conhecimentos sobre o sistema. Esse fato elucida o compromisso social da instituição na formação de recursos humanos para o sistema público de saúde. Porém ainda é preciso melhorar algumas perspectivas, crescer mais a causa social que envolve a criação desse sistema e enraizar seus princípios.

The increase in life expectancy of the country's population reflects directly on its demographic structure, causing significant changes to occur in the various population strata, especially in the elderly population. Housing for this population is an important factor, even because housing for the citizen is a physical and emotional need, that is, it is a fundamental question in your life. This article aims to present the housing characteristics experienced by the elderly population of Minas Gerais. To this end, we opted for a descriptive research with secondary data from the PNAD 2013 (IBGE). Both the extraction and the entire data processing and analysis process were performed using the statistical program STATA – Data Analysis and Statistical Software, version 12.0 . It was concluded that the elderly population of Minas Gerais lives in their own houses made of masonry and covered with slabs or tiles, and they are served with basic sanitation and appliances, such as a stove and refrigerator.