No abstract

Desvios de custos e prazos são desafios recorrentes na construção civil. Neste artigo, os autores objetivaram revisar sistematicamente a literatura relacionada a desvios de prazos e custos para determinar uma estrutura de categorização e respectivos fatores responsáveis por esses desvios. Foi empregada a abordagem Systematic Literature Review (Revisão Sistemática de Literatura - RSL) de maneira metódica, para proporcionar acompanhamento e reprodução futura. Informações relevantes foram extraídas dos artigos selecionados e posteriormente sintetizadas para a obtenção da proposta de categorização e respectivos fatores responsáveis pelos desvios. Nove categorias foram identificadas e definidas com base em seus determinantes: relações governamentais; contratos; organização; gerenciamento; financiamento; projeto e documentação; alterações de escopo; aspectos ambientais e econômicos; e atividades e equipamentos. Além disso, 95 fatores de influência foram identificados e anexados às categorias pertinentes. Apesar de a literatura ser heterogênea em relação a contextos e regiões globais, o que dificulta a condução da RSL, houve boa sustentação para os fatores identificados. Escassez de evidências foram identificadas na América Latina, particularmente no Brasil. A literatura existente em desvios de prazos e custos até o momento se mostrou multifacetada, com 92 artigos publicados em 46 fontes diferentes no intervalo de tempo de 1985 a 2014. A maioria das pesquisas teve como foco o estudo de alguns desses fatores em particular, enquanto esta pesquisa classificou-os e sintetizou-os de forma a possibilitar uma visão nova e mais abrangente sobre o fenômeno.

In addition to several positive aspects in technical properties, geopolymeric binders have considerable advantages in the environmental point of view, with lower energy consumption and lower CO 2 emission. In this study, it was conducted an overview about the utilized materials by some Brazilian researchers in geopolymers production, and also an experiment employing two types of wastes (red ceramic waste and rice husk ash). The compressive strength of the resulting material developed very fast, reaching a value of 11 MPa after one day. The microstructure was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, revealing a compact microstructure and the presence of starting materials from the red ceramic waste that not completely reacted. The results indicated the feasibility of producing geopolymeric material without using commercial sodium silicate and cured at room temperature, showing an option for building materials production with lower environmental impacts. Keywords: geopolymer, alternative materials, sustainability, building materials. Resumo Além de vários aspectos positivos nas propriedades técnicas, aglomerantes geopoliméricos têm consideráveis vantagens do ponto de vista ambiental, com menor consumo de energia e menor emissão de CO 2 . Neste estudo, conduziu-se uma revisão sobre os materiais empregados na produção de geopolímeros por alguns pesquisadores brasileiros, e também um experimento empregando-se dois tipos de resíduos (resíduos de cerâmica vermelha e cinza de casca de arroz). A resistência à compressão do material resul-

Housing is fundamental to the welfare of people and society. On the contrary, housing may impose costs on users as regards their health and quality of life. These costs are not only individual but also social. Studies on the concept of social costs (SCs) related to living conditions of social housing (SH) are scarce, and the concept needs in-depth debates. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to answer the primary research question: What are SCs, and what triggers them? The research specifically aims to identify spatial design factors and construction details of SH, which may cause adverse impacts and social costs and affect households' quality of life. The SLR results are analysed and discussed concerning the major concepts of SCs and social impacts (SIs). The visual representation and organization of data contribute to detailed and in-depth conceptual discussions to understand the factors that can induce actions to improve SH design and upgrading of the existing stock. Most publications emphasise physical and mental health risks. Poor thermal conditions cause illnesses, and depression is prevalent in many housing developments putting pressure on public systems and their health services. Social unrest and family conflict can impose further costs on policing and social assistance. Housing conditions’ cause and effect are rarely detailed in the SC literature, which constitutes a research gap. New housing design, Upgrading or refurbishment initiatives should also effectively increase well-being, reduce environmental impacts, and ultimately contribute towards positive social and technological developments.

Housing transformations have been studied over time. Numerous Post-Occupancy-Evaluation (POE) studies reveal user-initiated alterations occurring in Brazilian Social Housing (SH). These transformations have specific objectives, such as additional space, refurbishment, and improvement, or upgrading. However, results of transformations are not always positive, and may affect dwellers’ well-being through losses in environmental comfort. A critical investigation using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method analysed forty-seven studies to understand what needs and requirements stimulate SH projects' upgrading and how transformations impact well-being. In addition, an in-depth analysis was made to assess aspects of environmental comfort, safety, design, layout and economic aspects that affect people’s well-being, and improve their quality of life. Results contribute to supporting upgrading processes of existing SH and to guide the improved design of new SH projects based on the desires and well-being requirements of low-income families.

Brazilian Social Housing (SH) programmes have positively reduced the housing deficit. However, Brazilian SH studies still reveal negative impacts. Exploring the problem source is fundamental to understand and develop actions to mitigate the most influential SH issues. Thus, the study aims to categorise the main topics investigated in SH, identify and evaluate SH shortcoming, analyse the intersections of issues, and understand their overarching. A systematic literature review and a systematic mapping study were applied to analyse and map SH studies. Investments and public housing policies linked to the social interests of society are necessary to upgrading SH.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the built environment impacted the health and safety of the population. In Brazil, the pandemic impacted the ways of life of families, through housing and neighbourhood designs. This research identified built environment design factors that impacted life during the pandemic. A Systematic Literature Review was carried out to evaluate the impacts of the pandemic on the built environment and identify recommendations and actions to reduce those impacts. As a result, we recommend changes to the built environment and especially housing. Improvements are pointed out to ensure the well-being of dwellers, in present and future scenarios.

Ao longo dos anos, pesquisas têm enfatizado a necessidade de adoção de alternativas da gestão de empreendimentos, como forma de superar os problemas vinculados aos métodos de contratação tradicionais. Métodos de contratação, como o Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) vêm ganhando interesse no setor da construção civil. Apesar do potencial do IPD, a introdução deste método na indústria da construção civil é desafiadora e se encontra em estágios iniciais. Os limites de conhecimento do IPD, até o momento, têm dificultado a sua aplicação em ambientes de produção de empreendimentos com pouca experiência sobre esta prática. Assim, considerando a necessidade de expandir o conhecimento sobre o tema, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar e sintetizar a informação relacionada ao IPD, identificar as associações entre os seus elementos e desenvolver proposições que orientam a sua aplicação. Como método de pesquisa, considerou-se a abordagem qualitativa exploratória, com pesquisa de associação, sem interferência entre as variáveis. Foi também proposto o desenvolvimento de um mapa conceitual para compreensão da teoria. Os resultados da pesquisa apresentam a disposição dos elementos do IPD no processo de produção do empreendimento, quer seja no contexto contratual, operacional, organizacional e gerencial. As proposições reúnem informações sobre os benefícios possíveis de serem alcançados com a efetivação dos elementos do IPD. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Integrated Project Delivery; Integração; Colaboração; Acordo multipartes; Gestão de empreendimentos