With the recent progress in nanotechnology and material engineering, nano-based coatings have become multifunctional, smarter, efficient, versatile and durable. Superhydrophobic coatings are an important class of the smart coating family, which has gained recognition in coating science over the last few years. The uniqueness of superhydrophobic coatings arises from the various phenomenal innovations, and its development is expected to continue in the next decades. . The bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces are commonly obtained by designing a double-scale structure by using nanotechnology, followed byis the addition of water repellent compounds. It lacks an overview article describing the recent progress in superhydrophobic coatings and surfaces. In this perspective article, various fundamental aspects of wettability and related phenomena are discussed. We then present and compare the existing methods for superhydrophobic coating preparation. Superhydrophobic properties of superhydrophobic coatings such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-fouling, and anti-bacterial features were then introduced. The review also discusses various superhydrophobic technological breakthroughs and future trends in the preparation and application of these materials.

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The preparation of superhydrophobic textiles with high mechanical and chemical durability is challenging. Here, facile and fluorine-free methods, using alkali and plasma-etching treatments, followed by the addition of silica nanoparticles and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), were used to prepare superhydrophobic cotton surfaces. With different input variables and etching techniques, superhydrophobic cotton fabrics with high chemical and mechanical durability were successfully prepared, with contact angles up to 173°. A control of the surface architecture at the nanoscale in combination with a homogeneous repellent layer of TEOS in the cotton surface was achieved. The repellent properties of the as-prepared cotton remain stable under accelerated laundering and abrasion test conditions. The etching pretreatment by alkali or plasma plays a key role in obtaining superhydrophobic cotton surfaces.

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites, including two different carbonaceous conductive fillers, carbon black (CB) and commercially available graphene (G), were fabricated by solventcasting and melt compounding methods. The effect of additives and process conditions on electrical and thermal properties of composites was investigated. The dielectric responses of EVA composites were characterized by a percolation threshold of 15 wt % for EVA/G prepared by solvent-casting. However, as the EVA/G15% was also subsequently extruded, the applied shear stress induced by extrusion caused deterioration of the electrical network and reduced the composite's electrical conductivity. A percolating network was found for the EVA composites containing CB at around 5-7 wt % with 10 orders of magnitude increase in electrical conductivity with respect to the neat EVA. The thermal conductivity of EVA/CB7% and EVA/G15% increased 16 and 22 % respectively, in comparison to the neat EVA. Both additives increased the electrical and thermal conductivity of composites to be appropriate as jackets for high-voltage cables.