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This study examined the present state of teaching ethics in university public relations departments in the U.S. and abroad. The results indicated that public relations teachers perceived ethics instruction in public relations education to be essential, and they believed in a close tie between general morality and professional ethics. However, as the results of a quantitative survey suggested, foreign participants believed that ethics instruction helps students make right choices on the job less so than did participants who were born and teach in the U.S. A series of qualitative interviews with communication teachers in Western European universities revealed that the foreign teachers did not perceive themselves as direct contributors to the public relations industry. Instead, they saw themselves as individuals who are responsible for general liberal education of the youth, not specialized training.Multiple regression analysis of a number of respondents' demographics showed that the higher the participants' rank, the less favorable attitude they held toward the value of ethics education to students. This result is a subject of a future investigation.The majority of participants recognized ethics instruction incorporated in courses throughout the PR curriculum as the most valuable format of ethics instruction delivery. The most used pedagogies-teacher lectures, case studies, and group discussion-appeared to be the most effective approaches, whereas the most used resources in teaching ethics-textbooks, trade magazine articles, and newspaper or magazine stories-were perceived as the most effective material in teaching ethics.

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This article utilizes new institutional theory and its principle -coercive isomorphism -to examine explicit and implicit pressures exerted on news organizations by a regional government in Russia in 2009 and 2010. The study found that while empowering regional reporters by the myth of helping underprivileged citizens, the authorities divert the media from scrutinizing the government. The political officials outsource media relations to media themselves, turning them into public relations agents. This mission seems to homogenize the content of regional newspapers since the government becomes the main source of information.In an attempt to capitalize on the perestroika and glasnost legacy, former Russian President Medvedev demanded openness and transparency from the state and regional governments. However, historically in Russia, the concept of glasnost has aimed to control, rather than promote, freedom of speech (Rulyova, 2010). Given that two Russian leaders of the 20th century -Lenin and Gorbachev -encouraged glasnost as a means to limit 'what could be publicly discussed' (Rulyova, 2010: 234), Medvedev's effort to simulate transparency was not a new phenomenon in Russian politics.