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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women during reproductive age. Women with PCOS show raised Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, due to increased number of small antral follicles and granulosa cells, and these may lead to anovulation. Measuring antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume (OV) by ultrasound scanning gives insight to the ovarian function. This study is conducted to investigate the relation between AMH with AFC, OV and different biochemical parameters which determine PCOS. The study was carried out on thirty patients with PCOS as (group 1) compared with fifteen healthy women as control group (group 2). AMH, FBS, Insulin, HOMA/IR, Testosterone, cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI) and hirsutism were measured for all women in both groups. The results revealed that the serum level of AMH is significantly higher in PCOS (11.90±4.23ng/ml) than control group (4.36±0.56ng/ml). As for AFC, there is high significant increase (26.10± 5.49 follicles) in PCOS group versus (9.07 ±1.83 follicles) in control group. Furthermore, the results revealed a highly significant difference in OV (11.20±2.78ml) in PCOS compared to (6.23±0.73ml) in control. There is a significant correlation between AMH, AFC and OV in PCOS. There is a high significant correlation between AMH, AFC, OV, BMI testosterone, HOMA/IR, HDL, cholesterol, and TG in both groups. It could be concluded that there is a tight positive correlation between AMH and AFC and OV.

V ITAMIN D is a prohormone nutrient, which is involved in skeletal and extraskeletal functions. Iron is another essential nutrient that is necessary for the production of red blood cells and oxygen transport. This element plays important roles in enzymatic systems including those required for Vitamin D activation. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common diseases among pregnant women worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy might be associated with some adverse effects on fetal growth. Thisstudy was designed to assess the possible relationship between IDA in pregnant mothers, their corresponding newborns and vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Research Design and Methods Maternal and fetal serum25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were evaluated using radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique, in 25 pregnancieswith IDA compared to 15 age-matched uncomplicated term gestations. Birth weight and clinical status of the neonateswere assessed.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and endocrine disorder which affects women of reproductive age with a prevalence of 8-18% and implies various severe consequences to female health, including alarming rates of infertility, which accounts for approximately 75% of anovulatory infertility. Long non-coding RNA steroid receptor activator (lncRNA-SRA) affects multiple biological processes. However, it is not known whether lncRNA-SRA is associated with PCOS and the possible accompanied metabolic syndrome (MetS). Material and Methods: The expression levels of lncRNA-SRA were measured by real-time quantitative-PCR in PCOS patients (n=30 women), and in control group (n=20 women), patients with metabolic syndrome were diagnosed, and the association between lncRNA-SRA and metabolic syndrome parameters in PCOS group and control were analyzed. Results: LncRNA-SRA expression mean level was significantly higher in the women with PCOS than that in the control group. There was a high significant positive correlation between lncRNA-SRA expression and hirsutism, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and insulin levels, also with significant positive correlation between lncRNA-SRA with HOMA/IR and testosterone in PCOS group. Conclusion: The authors found that the lncRNA-SRA expression is potentially increased with PCOS and it has positive correlation with hirsutism, obesity, testosterone, and insulin resistance in PCOS. LncRNA-SRA is significantly increased in MetS subgroup of PCOS, thereby suggesting that elevated lncRNA-SRA might be an important mediator not only associated to hormonal and clinical parameters but also associates metabolic syndrome in PCOS and may be a mediator in the pathogenesis of both syndromes.

Purpose:To determine the relationship between pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels and uterine Doppler ultrasonography for the prediction of severe preeclampsia (PE) and HELLP syndrome at the last trimester. Methods: Two groups were constructed; severe preeclampsia group consisted of 38 women; HELLP Syndrome group consisted of 12 women. Both groups were matched strictly for gestational age at last trimester. Maternal blood sample for PAPP-A was collected and uterine Doppler ultrasonography was performed as soon as any woman under the study was diagnosed as severe preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome at last trimester and compared. Results: Mean ages of participants, Parity, gestational weeks and fetal weights were similar. Mean PAPP-A levels were significantly higher in severe preeclampsia and HELLP groups. There was a statistically significant difference regarding Resistive Index (RI) (P<0.001) and Pulsatility Index (PI) (P=0.005) between cases presenting with severe preeclampsia and HELLP groups. Conclusion: PAPP-A levels could provide prediction for severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome at last trimester. Increased uterine artery resistance in the third trimester of pregnancy could be used to predict maternal complications including severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as impaired glucose tolerance diagnosed during pregnancy for the first time and is present in 6-7% of pregnancies with the increase in pregnancy complications (Catalano, 2014). It is one of the most common medical disorders of pregnancy. Women with GDM are at high risk for future type 2 diabetes, 50% of women with GDM subsequently develop type 2 diabetes within 25 years (England et al., 2009;O'Sullivan, 1982). Additionally, maternal diabetes during pregnancy exposes the fetus to hyperglycemia and high insulin levels, which might be related to increased risk of childhood and adult obesity; type 2 diabetes and GDM at childbearing ages (Dabelea et al., 2000).There are series of metabolic changes that occur during normal pregnancy, with a progressive increase in insulin resistance mainly due to placental hormones production (growth hormone, progesterone, placental lactogen, and corticotrophin) important for fetal nutrition. Gestational diabetes develops in women whose insulin production is insufficient to counteract increasing insulin resistance (Catalano, 2014) that has been correlated with increasing of maternal G ESTATIONAL diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with short and long-term complications for pregnant women and their coming offspring. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. This study aimed to investigate the potential expression of microRNA-16 and 221 in maternal serum and their mirror expression in the placenta in GDM and their correlation with severity of GDM and Macrosomia.This study was conducted on twenty pregnant women with GDM and other twenty healthy pregnant women who served as a control group. GDM group was further subdivided into severe and mild subgroups according to the levels of fasting and postprandial 2 hours glucose levels. MicroRNA-16 and microRNA-221 were estimated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results revealed that microRNA-16 levels in serum and placental tissue were significantly higher in the GDM group than the control group, with high significant increase in severe GDM than in mild GDM subgroup. Significant decreases in the levels of microRNA-221 were detected in both serum and placenta in GDM group versus the control group. In GDM group, there was a direct high significant correlation of microRNA-16 in serum and placenta with fetal macrosomia, but there was no correlation of microRNA-221 in serum with fetal macrosomia.A significant increase of microRNA-16 in the severe GDM group than in the mild GDM group was observed and it could be concluded that microRNA-16 may be the noncoding RNA at the molecular level that affected the severity of GDM in mothers and the macrosomia of their offspring.

Bronchial Asthma is outlined as a chronic irritation of the airways in children. Vitamin D is a real immune system regulator which has a potential part in allergy. Asymmetric Dimethyl Arginine (ADMA) is an endogenic Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) inhibitor. This study is to determine if there is a role of vitamin D deficiency, ADMA in the pathogenesis of asthma in children, And whether the decreased arginine bioavailability and NOS suppression by ADMA contribute to respiratory tract blockage or not. We measured serum vitamin D, ADMA, nitric oxide and plasma L-arginine in 30 asthmatic and 10 healthy children. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, plasma L-Arginine and serum Nitric Oxide were decreased significantly in asthmatic patients compared to healthy children. On the other hand, ADMA serum levels were increased significantly in asthmatic patients. In asthmatic children, there were positive correlations between serum vitamin D concentration and forced expiratory volume in the first, second FEV1 (% predicted). Furthermore, there were negative correlations between serum ADMA concentration and FEV1 (%predicted). In conclusion, marked reduction of vitamin D and elevated ADMA serum levels in asthmatic children has contributed to NOS-related pathophysiology, therefore ADMA and vitamin D could be considered reliable in managing oxidative stress in asthma.

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