Background: cyclophosphamide one of toxicants that induce testicular damage. Silymarin has antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Aim: assess the effect of silymarin on cyclophosphamide induced testicular damage in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 40 adult albino male rats that were divided into 4 groups. control group: were injected intraperitoneally with carboxy-methylcellulose daily for six weeks. Cyclophosphamide group: were injected intra-peritoneally with cyclophosphamide only once, then continuous injection of carboxy methylcellulose for the rest of six weeks. Silymarin group were injected intraperitoneally with silymarin once per day for six weeks. Cyclophosphamide and Silymarin were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide only once and then injected with Silymarin for six weeks. Serum testosterone, FSH, LH level, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, apoptotic marker, testicular histopathology, sperm count and testicular weights were assessed.Results: Cyclophosphamide significantly decreased levels of measured hormones, antioxidant enzyme, testicular weight and sperm count but significantly increased the oxidative stress biomarkers. Also, it induced degeneration and necrosis of seminiferous tubules. silymarin illustrated a significant increase in levels of measured hormones, antioxidant enzyme, testicular weight and sperm count but a significant decrease in the oxidative stress biomarkers. Normal testicular architecture was noticed with silymarin treatment. Conclusion: Silymarin has antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities that enable it to improve testicular function after its damage by cyclophosphamide.
Background
Children with β‐thalassemia major (β‐TM) suffer from tubular dysfunction even before the onset of any renal impairment symptoms and/or clinical signs. Therefore, identifying innovative biomarkers allowing early renal damage detection has focused attention.
Aim
This study aims to preliminary assess Netrin‐1(NTN‐1) and clusterin (CLU) in β‐TM children and explore their possible roles as surrogate noninvasive biomarkers of renal tubular dysfunction.
Subjects and methods
In this study, 40 β‐TM children and 30 healthy children were enrolled. Routine serum and urinary biochemical variables were determined. Urinary NTN‐1 and CLU levels were measured using ELISA and their mRNA expression in PBMCs were assayed using real‐time PCR. Serum TNF‐α, MDA levels and GST activity were measured.
Results
Urinary NTN‐1 and CLU concentrations and mRNA relative expression levels in PBMCs were significantly increased in β‐TM children relative to controls. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers revealed significant elevation in β‐TM children compared to controls. The change in these parameters correlated significantly with other renal parameters. ROC curves analysis showed that urinary NTN‐1 and CLU levels are of promising diagnostic performance.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that NTN‐1 and CLU are qualified as new noninvasive biomarker panels for early detection of renal injury in β‐TM children. Moreover, urinary NTN‐1 is recommended as a precise one during the clinical practices.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.