This exploratory study considers an African perspective on leadership behaviour and motivation in Ghana, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda using the Delphi Technique with a small sample of corporate, community, and religious leaders. Focus group sessions with working people (nonleaders) then followed. The findings indicate that vision, commitment, honesty, goal-orientation, and humour were descriptors of effective leadership. Further, it was found that the quest for justice, extrinsic benefits, and service to community motivated leaders, while extrinsic rewards and the need to achieve motivated followers. This research contributes to understanding leadership effectiveness and motivation from an African context and informs both scholarship and practice in these areas.This study explores different perceptions of culture, leader effectiveness, and motivation in Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda. We analyze the opinions of selected knowledgeable persons, including scholars and management practitioners, regarding leader effectiveness and the motivating factors contributing to successful and effective leadership. This area of research has thus far received insufficient attention in the international literature.
This article contributes to the literature on cross-cultural leadership by describing the development and validation of the Leadership Effectiveness in Africa and the Diaspora (LEAD) Scale. The LEAD Scale is a culturally sensitive measure of leadership effectiveness in the understudied settings of Africa and the African diaspora. A combination of methods and four studies using samples from Africa and the African diaspora based in Canada, the USA, and the Caribbean were used to develop the measure. Using the grounded theory approach and the Delphi technique ( n = 192), followed by a set of increasingly rigorous tests including exploratory factor analysis ( n = 441), confirmatory factor analysis ( n = 116), and a test of measure invariance ( n =1384), we developed and validated a culturally sensitive measure of effective leadership. Our results demonstrate that spirituality, tradition and community-centredness are important and culturally specific components of leadership in Africa and the African diaspora. This paper provides a validated measure of leadership and offers recommendations regarding the use of the measure by managers and researchers working in Africa or with African diaspora.
Issues pertaining to enhancing banks' competitiveness have been the foci of top executives worldwide. Of these issues are technology innovations which have affected the way most banks operate, deliver services, and compete. This paper examines the adoption of a cross-sectional exploratory and descriptive multiple-case study approach to explore, describe, and explain the effect of managing change through technology to achieving strategic competitiveness in the banking sector. The study, covering fifteen years (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005), used such well suited qualitative research strategy in connection with theory to gain full understanding of a natural setting, and as a comprehensive method of substantiating or un-substantiating the research's topics of interest. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used as primary data collection techniques to obtain information from both industry authorities and top-level management in four banks; whereas, documentation and archival records were used as secondary sources with the purpose of enhancing an understanding of the background of the cases studied. The "Replication Logic" was followed, rather than the "Sampling Logic," in the selection of the four cases. The researcher followed the theoretical propositions, which induced the case studies, in analysing the data; and, the four banks were examined in depth to confirm or disconfirm the propositions derived from the literature review. The researcher used the pattern-matching mode of analysis to analyse multiple-case study design evidence. Further, the paper discusses the gains and perils of choosing the case study methodology in studying the research topic, and evaluates the study design according to two main criteria for judging measurement tools; these are validity and reliability.
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