Cutrini E. Specialization and concentration from a twofold geographical perspective: evidence from Europe, Regional Studies. This paper investigates European location patterns during a period of economic integration, seeking to identify the distinct roles played by the different geographical levels. The evolution of localization in Europe proved much more complicated empirically than the predictions based on Krugman's hypothesis. Using Eurostat regional data for the period 1985-2001, the paper shows that while manufacturing employment trickled down among regions, after the completion of the European Single Market a slight agglomeration occurred, but only across national boundaries. National specialization has emerged particularly in the European Union founding Member States. Moreover, there is evidence of an increasing polarization of the North-South divide closely connected with the growing concentration of high-technology sectors. [image omitted] Cutrini E. La specialisation et la concentration d'un point de vue geographique a deux temps: des preuves europeennes, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a examiner la distribution europeenne des emplacements pendant une periode d'integration economique et a identifier les roles differents joues par les divers niveaux geographiques. L'evolution des emplacements en Europe s'est averee beaucoup plus compliquee du point de vue empirique par rapport aux previsions fondees sur l'hypothese de Krugman. A partir des donnees regionales Eurostat pour la periode allant de 1985 jusqu'a 2001, cet article cherche a demontrer que, pendant que l'emploi industriel s'infiltrait dans les regions au compte-gouttes, il y a eu une certaine tendance a l'agglomeration suite a l'echeance du marche unique, mais seulement de facon transfrontaliere. Une specialisation nationale a vu le jour, notamment dans les pays fondateurs de l'Ue. Qui plus est, il y a des peuves d'une polarisation croissante du clivage Nord-Sud, ce qui se rapporte etroitement a la concentration croissante des secteurs a la pointe de la technologie. Emplacements Specialisation Concentration Integration economique europeenne Analyse geographique a deux temps Cutrini E. Spezialisierung und Konzentration aus einer zweiteiligen geografischen Perspektive: Belege aus Europa, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag untersuche ich die Standortmuster in Europa wahrend einer Periode der wirtschaftlichen Integration, um die charakteristischen Rollen zu identifizieren, die von den verschiedenen geografischen Ebenen wahrgenommen werden. Die Evolution der Lokalisierung in Europa erwies sich in empirischer Hinsicht als weitaus komplizierter als die Prognosen auf der Grundlage der Krugman-Hypothese. Mit Hilfe von Eurostat-Regionaldaten weise ich fur den Zeitraum von 1985 bis 2001 nach, dass das Beschaftigungsniveau der produzierenden Industrie innerhalb der Regionen zwar einem Trickle-Down-Effekt unterlag, aber nach Vollendung des Europaischen Binnenmarkts eine leichte Agglomeration auftrat, allerdings nur uber nationale Grenzen hinweg. Eine n...

Localization of economic activities is a manifestation of two closely-related economic phenomena: the specialization of geographical units and the spatial concentration of industries. Nonetheless, the direction of changes in concentration and specialization, across national boundaries, may differ from those occurring within countries. Combining a regional approach with an international perspective, the paper introduces an entropy index of overall localization that allows specialization to be conceptualized as the mirror image of concentration, and also focuses attention on the possible divergence in agglomeration patterns at the different spatial scales

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The article investigates the spatial patterns of the COVID-19 infection in Italy and its determinants from March 9 to June 15, 2020, a time interval covering the so called 'first wave' of COVID pandemics in Europe. The results, based on negative binomial regressions and linear spatial models, confirm the importance of multiple factors that positively correlate with the number of recorded cases during the first wave of the pandemic. Economic forces, including urban agglomeration, industrial districts, concentration of large companies (both before and after the beginning of the 'lockdown') and a North-South gradient are the most significant predictors of the strength of COVID-19 infection. These effects are statistically more robust in the spatial models than in the a-spatial ones. We interpretate our results in the light of pitfalls related to data reliability, and we discuss policy implications and possible avenues for future research.