“…In other words, in measuring concentration in the manufacturing industry, the benchmark considered is outside that industry. Others have proposed instead the use of the average concentration of the sectors involved, making use of an external benchmark unnecessary (AIGINGER and DAVIS, 2004;MULLIGAN and SCHMIDT, 2005;CUTRINI, 2009CUTRINI, , 2010. However, as far as we know, there has been no debate on overall concentration measurement in terms of basic properties.…”