Despite the introduction of modern methods of treatment, the creation of new generations of antibacterial agents, and the constant improvement of aseptic and antiseptic methods, the treatment of purulent–inflammatory processes remains one of the most complex and urgent problems in veterinary practice. The article presents the results of the isolation of indigenous microbiota from various biotopes of healthy cats, as well as the study of their biological marker properties for the selection of the most optimal strains in probiotic medicines for the control of surgical infections. It was demonstrated that isolated cultures of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which we isolated, revealed high sensitivity to antibiotics of the β-lactam group (excepting L. acidophilus No. 24, L. plantarum “Victoria” No. 22, L. rhamnosus No. 5, L. rhamnosus No. 20, and L. rhamnosus No. 26, which showed a significant variability in sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of this group, indicating the great potential of these microorganisms) and resistance to aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and fluoroquinolones (with the exception of gatifloxacin, which showed high efficiency in relation to all lactic acid microorganisms). The adhesive properties of the isolated lactobacteria and bifidobacteria were variable, even within the same species. It was found that the B. adolescentis No. 23 strain of the Bifidobacterium genus, as well as the L. plantarum No. 8, L. plantarum “Victoria” No. 22, L. rhamnosus No. 6, L. rhamnosus No. 26, L. acidophilus No. 12, and L. acidophilus No. 24 strains of the Lactobacillus genus had the highest adhesive activity. Thus, when conducting a detailed analysis of the biological marker properties of candidate cultures (determining their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, studying the adhesive properties, and antagonistic activity in relation to causative agents of surgical infection in cats), it was found that the most promising are L. plantarum “Victoria” No. 22, L. rhamnosus No. 26, and L. acidophilus No. 24.

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Background and Aim: Left ventricular myocardial remodeling could play an important role in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) syndrome in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left ventricular myocardial remodeling in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis and to study the dependence of the incidence of this pathological phenomenon on the functional class (FC) of progression of the CHF syndrome. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 afflicted dogs and 36 clinically healthy dogs were examined using transthoracic echocardiography. The following structural and geometric parameters of the left ventricular remodeling were evaluated: Myocardial mass and its index, sphericity index at the end of systole and diastole, end-systolic and end-diastolic relative wall thickness, and integral remodeling index. Results: In all clinically healthy dogs, a normal type of the left ventricular chamber geometry was revealed, whereas, in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis, the normal geometry of the left ventricle occurred in 56.4%, eccentric hypertrophy in 24.1%, concentric remodeling in 10.2%, and concentric hypertrophy in 9.3% of the cases. In patients with endocardiosis, there was no dilatation type of cardiac remodeling observed. Conclusion: When compared to the clinically healthy animals, the dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis presented with indicators of structural and geometric remodeling, such as increased myocardial mass, myocardial mass index, and sphericity index at the end of systole and diastole, as well as relatively reduced integral systolic index of remodeling and systolic relative thickness of the walls of the heart. The parameters of the left ventricular myocardial remodeling correlated significantly with the FC of CHF syndrome.

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The article considers extra-linguistic and linguistic aspects of forming New Zealand English vocabulary. We have highlighted the reasons of language changes. New Zealand English contains Maori words related to Maori cultural traditions, many of which have become part of New Zealand culture, as well as to the flora and fauna of New Zealand, particularly for endemic species, along with place names. Maori loan words are the most outstanding feature of the New Zealand English vocabulary. The paper expresses the view that the formation of the New Zealand English vocabulary was influenced by several extralinguistic factors, primarily: historical; cultural-historical; territorial; socio-economic and socio-political. The choice of language units in New Zealand English on a synchronous cross-section depends on such extralinguistic factors as: the age and belonging to a generation; the social affiliation; the place of residence; the level of education and upbringing; the scope of use of the English language. The current revitalization of Maori language and culture has had an important influence on New Zealand English. Maori is endangered and since the 1980s has been the subject of extensive revitalisation initiatives. It is worth noting that the official status of Maori gave all New Zealanders the opportunity to reflect on their country's bicultural identity. Most of the common Maori names for trees, birds and fish were borrowed in the first half of the 19th century, and words like kauri and totara (trees), tui and weka (birds), tarakihi (fish), pipi (shellfish), katipo (spider) are now basic items to all New Zealanders. The authors conclude the vocabulary is dominated not by new lexical units (neologisms), but by lexical and semantic variants of common English units, or rather their figurative uses. This circumstance is associated with the activation of certain layers of vocabulary that reflect relevant phenomena for society.

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English, the Maori language and New Zealand Sign Language are New Zealand's official languages, with English being the most commonly used. Maori make up approximately 15 percent of the population. New Zealand English is one of the youngest varieties of English and is distinctive in that its full formation and development are documented. An important aspect of the recognition of the existence of a national variety of the English language in New Zealand is the codification of the national norm of the literary language, and primarily through a lexicographic reflection. The paper considers the formation and development of New Zealand lexicography within the framework of the linguistic environment. It has been established that the beginning of the formation of the New Zealand lexicographic practice was connected with the description of the Maori language. It needs to be noted that ethnic, cultural, social and language diversity determined the specifics of New Zealand lexicography. Victoria University has been the main centre for lexicography in New Zealand.

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