The authors proffer the hypothesis that the most important issue in all of the previously studied global economic problems is the imperfection of the production process. Innovations stimulate the improvement of the production process and provide solutions to global economic problems. Thus, the purpose of this article is to verify this hypothesis and determine the role of innovations in overcoming global economic problems. To verify the hypothesis, the authors use analysis of causal connections, problem and systemic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling, and a developed proprietary economic and mathematical model of the production process. The authors conduct an analysis of global economic problems at present and in perspective and determine the role of innovations in overcoming these global economic problems. The offered hypothesis is proven, and it is substantiated, based on the problem of resource limitations, disproportions of economic growth, and crises in the global economy, that innovations play an important role in solving global economic problems. For example, innovations lead to improvements in the production process because the consumption of resources is reduced and the volume of manufactured goods is increased, which solves the problem of resource limitations. Furthermore, the implementation of production innovations in enterprises in the least developed countries stimulates their economic development and reduces the level of countries' differentiation in the global economy. Accordingly, the authors determine the directions of development with respect to the innovation activities of modern enterprises for overcoming global economic problems, and they develop an algorithm for the development of the modern global economy.

It is grounded in the article that it is necessary to form a new fiscal policy paradigm and it is preconditioned by its orientation to provide economic growth and country's national security. The change of the geopolitical situation, slow down of the global growth pace, decrease of the global demand on the traditional commodities require to work out the interconnected set of measures, based on the creation of conditions for the Russian economy to transit to a new technological structure, for Russia to be among the leading countries in terms of gross domestic product and to oppose the impact of external and internal threats successfully. The objective of this work is to research the strategic directions of the Russian financial security aimed at analysis and indicative forecasting of a wide range of factors determining the financial and banking system stability, preserving its integrity and unity, overcoming Russia's internal and external threats in the financial sphere. To meet this objective the following tasks are set: to reveal the fundamentals and economic content of financial security; to structure the most important aspects of the financial security strategy; to identify specific features of budgetary security as a key component of financial security and determine fiscal consolidation priorities; to disclose methodological approaches to the formation of a financial security indicators system. The article draws conclusions about the need for an integrated approach to the financial security strategy formation that stimulates economic growth, improves the quality of public administration, the banking and financial system stability, human potential development.

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The article is concerned with state projects as the basic tool of increasing the efficiency of budget costs at programme based budget costs planning. Providing the transparency and responsibility of state authorities, state projects' efficiency monitoring determine the need to create the open framework of budget measures and public authorities' transparent activity. The paper is devoted to the development of state projects and increasing the efficiency of their implementing and control process through balancing between the complicated state policy objectives and brand new reduced budget capacity rates. A set of goals such as considering the state projects' technique, providing the transparency and efficiency of state projects' costs, examining the methodology of state projects' development, increasing their transparency and implementation efficiency, suggesting the all-stages state projects' efficiency evaluation technique were highlighted in the paper. Authors concluded that increasing the openness, transparency, control and providing the state projects' development monitoring is essential for proper budget functioning.

The formation of a customs administration framework based on the digital economy in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) requires the application of fundamentally new technologies. The successful implementation of digital technologies in the information space of the EAEU presupposes the solution of a number of problems associated with the ensuring the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of the EEU member states in the new economic reality and transition to a new paradigm of customs administration based on the digitalization of the processes of regulation of foreign economic activity. Based on this paradigm, we set the following tasks: to identify trends and substantiate the need for digitalization of the customs administration mechanism in the Eurasian Economic Union based on the use of new technologies; to reveal the meaningful features of digital technologies that are promising for the development of the mechanism of customs administration of the EAEU; consider the applied aspects of the latest information technologies used in the course of EAEU customs administration system digitalization; and assess the prospects for their use, analyze the prospects of organizational, legal and managerial support of this process in the EAEU at the supranational and national levels. The article concludes that within the framework of the digital transformation of the EAEU, new opportunities are opening up for the customs regulation framework, based on the introduction of technologies for analyzing large amounts of data, immersive technologies, blockchain, the use of innovative methods for obtaining and processing customs information (satellite tracking, radio frequency identification), and the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in customs control processes.