The Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) concept is a result of the development of global experience in assessing land degradation over the past 40 years. The concept is worked out to harmonize different national methods for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and targets' indicator 15.3.1-"proportion of land that is degraded over total land area." The paper reviews the results of land assessment for Russia using LDN concept approaches, first calculated for individual regions (subjects of the Russian Federation) using the Trends.Earth GIS module. This module uses global databases to interpret three main proxy indicators: land cover dynamics, the dynamics of productivity, the dynamics of soil organic carbon stocks. Using "one out all out" principle, the Trends.Earth calculation for the whole Russia's territory shows the proportion of 12.3% of degraded lands, which is a very averaged indicator for a country with a high variety of socioeconomic and physical-geographical conditions. The variation in the proportion of degraded lands calculated by this method ranges from about 63-67% in the Rostov and Volgograd oblasts to less than 1% in the Amur, Kaluga and Ivanovo oblasts. Considering the multidirectional trends in land quality change the "LDN index" is proposed for the development of the concept. It means the difference between the share of "improved" and "degraded" lands within a certain territory. The results of calculations should be considered as indicative, they will be specified as the LDN approach is developed and adapted for the territory of Russia.
The article is devoted to a research of current trends and priorities of organizational and financial modeling of sustainable development. The experience of transnational industrial clusters formation and development is the object of the research. In this article authors conduct a research of the opportunities for sustainable development strategies modeling in the context of new phenomena and precedents, demonstrated by global economic system and revealing in convergence of risk events and divergence of their assessment: new phenomena, properties and characteristics of economic systems, important for the management systems modernization with the purpose to resolve problems of their theoretical and methodological support, had been analyzed; and as a result the method of system and diagnostic analysis, oriented on proactive modeling of management systems competitive performance, was proposed. The authors came to conclusion about the need to include system and diagnostic analysis in the methodological basis of social and economic systems management theory, including all forms of business entities in the industry. The stated improvement of management methodology will form instrumental and methodical apparatus of a new economic growth strategy modeling. Thus, the restructuring of the Russian economic system should be carried out considering the objective need to bring its organizational and financial model to the form of hyper-network super-system, which will enable preventive modeling and testing of the process of all sectors and clusters integration, maintaining a positive synergetic effect. As a result the authors concluded that the development of transnational industrial clusters should be conducted as a part of the adaptive stability provision concept, which is achieved by applying system and functional analysis as a methodological basis for organizational and financial modeling.
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