The review presents the results of studies on the effect of low temperatures of different durations on the formation of adaptive reactions in humans. The mechanisms of changes in the metabolic and hormonal processes and cellular and humoral immune response are discussed.(International Journal of Biomedicine. 2018;8(2):95-101.)
Introduction
In Russia, the prevalence of GERD is 18-46% [Ivashkin V. T., Maev I. V., Trukhmanov A. S., 2011]. GERD leads to a significant decrease in the quality of life of patients, especially with nocturnal symptoms, extraesophageal symptoms (chest pain, persistent cough), and increases the risk of complications such as bleeding from ulcers and erosions, peptic strictures and, which causes the greatest caution, Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinomasObjectivesThe medical and social significance of the pathology of the thyroid gland and gastrointestinal tract problem is determined by their high prevalence regardless of age, the annual increase in morbidity and the decrease in the quality of life (QOL).MethodsPatients were divided in two groups: patients with GERD; patients with GERD and hypothyroidism. Quality of life was studied using the non-specific (general) SF 36 questionnaire.ResultsThe lowest indicators were shown by patients with GERD and hypothyroidism (PF scale - Me 75.00 and 45.00 (p=0.005470), RF scale - 75,00 and 25.00 (p=0.043046), BP scale - 74.00 and 52.00 (p=0.036493), GH scale - 58.00 and 15.00 (p=0.009959)). The second group was more disadvantaged (VT scale - IU 52.50 and 32.50 (p=0.098125), SF scale - 75 00 and 50.00 (p=0.019016), RE scale - 33.30 and 0.00 (p=0.028841), GH scale - 48.00 and 36.00 (p=0.025919).ConclusionsAccording to the results, the presence of combined pathology of the thyroid gland and gastrointestinal tract significantly affected the physical and psychological component of health in the studied patients.
Цель: исследование концептуальных характеристик немонетарного неравенства в современной отечественной и зарубежной литературе. Методы: анализ и синтез, сравнительно-сопоставительный, обобщение. Результаты: в статье представлены результаты обзора современных материалов отечественных и зарубежных исследователей по вопросам изучения немонетарных аспектов неравенства. Обоснована ограниченность денежнометрических подходов в оценке расслоения общества. Выявлены основные подходы в изучении немонетарной дифференциации: депривационный, дискриминационный, самоидентификационный и ресурсный. Представлена авторская трактовка категории «немонетарное неравенство». Показано, что немонетарное неравенство-феномен социетального порядка. Сделан вывод о необходимости дополнения подоходной дифференциации оценкой характеристик немонетарного неравенства. В перспективе возможна разработка и апробация методики оценки немонетарного неравенства населения региона. Научная новизна: представлена авторская трактовка немонетарного неравенства, определены признаки данной социально-экономической категории. Практическая значимость: основные положения статьи могут быть востребованы для целей дальнейших теоретикометодологических исследований и практических рекомендаций по снижению немонетарной дифференциации. Ключевые слова: экономика и управление народным хозяйством; немонетарное неравенство; ресурсный подход; депривационный подход; дискриминационный подход; самоидентификационный подход Конфликт интересов: автором не заявлен.
To increase labor efficiency, the level of quality of work-life (QWL) of the working population is of particular importance. The limited number of studies dealing with the research of the quality of work at the regional level has confirmed the research interest. The paper presents the results of the assessment of QWL of the working population of the Vologda Region obtained using the subjective approach. The authors studied special aspects of regional differentiation of the assessment of the labor activity quality by the population. The paper draws attention to the fact that in the Vologda Region, the assessments of the working population concerning satisfaction with various aspects of labor activity have a lower level compared to similar data in the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District and Russia. The paper shows the results of the QWL assessment of the Vologda Region population in the context of various socio-demographic groups based on the index system of indicators. The study identified that more than half of the economically active population of the region is satisfied with the quality of labor activity. The authors found that the degree of satisfaction with the QWL varies for different socio-demographic groups of the population. The highest level of assessments is demonstrated by the groups with the increased level of wages, as well as those with higher education, officially registered marriage, and carrying out labor activities following their inclinations, abilities, and avocation. The authors conclude that the quality of labor potential and the level of implementation in labor activity of the qualitative characteristics of the Vologda Region residents significantly correlate with the QWL satisfaction. The paper presents a list of measures promoting the improvement of QWL satisfaction.
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