Two experiments investigated the cognitive skills that underlie children's susceptibility to semantic and phonological false memories in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott procedure (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). In Experiment 1, performance on the Verbal Similarities subtest of the British Ability Scales (BAS) II (Elliott, Smith, & McCulloch, 1997) predicted correct and false recall of semantic lures. In Experiment 2, performance on the Yopp-Singer Test of Phonemic Segmentation (Yopp, 1988) did not predict correct recall, but inversely predicted the false recall of phonological lures. Auditory short-term memory was a negative predictor of false recall in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. The findings are discussed in terms of the formation of gist and verbatim traces as proposed by fuzzy trace theory (Reyna & Brainerd, 1998) and the increasing automaticity of associations as proposed by associative activation theory (Howe, Wimmer, Gagnon, & Plumpton, 2009).
Summary. The application of the Watts‐Vernon Reading Test and a Non‐Verbal Reasoning Test to the whole of the fourth year pupils in fourteen secondary modern schools gave 426 pupils with a reading quotient <80; of these 204 had standardised non‐verbal reasoning scores ≥90. Thirty backward boys and twenty‐five backward girls, all of whom had non‐verbal reasoning scores ≥90, were paired, individually, with average to good readers, matched for non‐verbal score, social class, sex and school. The groups undertook a number of individual tests. The boys who were backward had a poorer performance on certain tests compared with non‐backward boys, and a greatly inferior performance to backward girls on the tests of copying and dictation.
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