Counseling self‐efficacy and counseling skills were examined over time in a graduate prepracticum class. Efficacy increased with training, but its relationship to performance of skills was weak.
To study the effects of behavioral versus mental rehearsal in acquiring test interpretation skills, we randomly assigned students in a counseling‐related testing course to one of two training groups or to a delayed‐control (DC) group. The treatment groups received identical instructions, modeling, feedback, and review of target skills but practiced in either a microskills (MS) or mental practice (MP) mode. Ratings of videotaped interviews of the MS and MP trainees did not differ but were superior to the DC group's ratings on measures of general counseling and test interpretation skills. Those in the MS group had more confidence in and perceived greater benefits from their training than did those in the MP group. Implications are discussed, and a suggestion is made for combining MS and MP training methods.
Substance abuse has been associated with violent behavior for many decades. While the relationship is the same today as it was in the past, the pervasiveness of the association, and the consequences, are more dramatic. There are two ways in which substance abuse is related to violence. First, violence can be and is perpetrated under the influence of substances, and second, violence related to substance abuse stems from the trade in drugs, which is all too often focused in poor and underserved communities. The elimination of the market for drugs, and thus the reduction in the demand for drugs, will bring about a reduction in substance abuse-related violence.
Counseling trainees' responses on free‐response dependent measures to 2 client case vignettes were examined for possible gender bias. Gender bias was found for clients, both women and men, who displayed nontraditional gender role behavior.
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