Plant-based extracts, as alternatives to chemical compounds, are commonly use in pharmaceutical and food industries. Antibacterial properties of extracts are mainly considered in medicine. Because of the high incidence of infectious diseases, it is helpful to identify more agents that are able to treat diseases. Antioxidant effects have been reported for different plant extracts. We aimed to investigate antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antibacterial effect of Quercus brantii L. fruit extract. In this study, Q. brantii L. fruit was extracted by maceration using ethanol 70%. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalceu reagent and gallic acid equivalence, and antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Antibacterial effects were investigated by broth microdilution and measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Then the effects of different concentrations of extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis growth were investigated in comparison with vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. Our findings demonstrate that antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Q. brantii L. fruit was more than that of BHT. Total phenolic content was derived (3.010 mg GAE/g DW). Flavonol and flavonoid contents were 1.813 and 0.654 mg/g, respectively. The extract was found to exert significant inhibitory effects on both studied bacteria. S. aureus was more susceptible than E. faecalis to Q. brantii L. fruit extract. Q. brantii L. fruit extract can exert considerable antioxidant effects, contains high amounts of phenolic, flavonol, and flavonoid compounds, and inhibits bacterial growth.
Introduction: Using antibiotics to control pathogenic bacteria is associated with certain side effects in addition to emergence of drug resistance. Nowadays, researchers are considering using plants as suitable alternatives to antibiotics. The aim of study was to compare in vitro antimicrobial activities of aqueous and hydroalcoholic Bunium persicum and Rheum ribes L. extracts on Acinetobacter baumanii. Materials and methods: Different concentrations of R. ribes and B. persicum were prepared to determine microbial sensitivity of A. baumanii using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The highest MIC (256 µg/ml) against A. baumanii was derived for aqueous R. ribes and B. persicum extracts and the lowest MIC (128 µg/ml) for their hydroalcoholic extracts. The highest MBC (512 µg/ml) was derived for aqueous R. ribes extract and the lowest MBC (256 µg/ml) for aqueous and hydroalcoholic R. ribes and B. persicum and hydroalcoholic R. ribes extracts. The extracts exhibited great inhibitory effects against the studied bacteria in disk diffusion; and with increasing the extracts’ concentrations, the inhibitory effect was exhibited more markedly as increased diameter of inhibition zone. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic R. ribes and B. persicum extracts can be used as nature-based compounds to control A. baumanii.
Pain is a distressing feeling caused by damage to different tissues. Consequently the person reacts, and tries to remove the painful stimulus. On the other hand, prostaglandins contribute to the emergence of pain. These compounds are formed and secreted by cyclogenase 2 or COX-2 enzymes. It is through inhibiting these enzymes that most of the analgesic medications act. Thus, this study aims to investigate and review some of the scientific findings on analgesic effects and possible active ingredients and analgesic mechanisms of these herbs. Result: Nowadays one of the methods to control pain is using non-steroid anti-inflammatory medications. Although the analgesic effects of these medications emerge relatively fast, but their side effects are considered to be a limiting factor in their usage. Therefore researchers are constantly in the search of new medications with less side effects. In recent years the tendency to use herbal medications has significantly increased in the treatment and prediction of these diseases. Since analgesic medications show a wide range of complications therefore using secondary herbal compounds may be an appropriate alternative for chemical medications. In this respect, many analgesic effects of herbal medications have been brought into attention and it is believed that many natural compounds may serve as new medical compounds.Conclusion: Regarding the importance of research about pain and the effort in increasing awareness in this respect and also regarding the problems caused by using opioid medications, it is necessary to find herbal medications. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
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