In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Antibacterial Effects and Measurement of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Quercus brantii L. Fruit Extract

Abstract

Plant-based extracts, as alternatives to chemical compounds, are commonly use in pharmaceutical and food industries. Antibacterial properties of extracts are mainly considered in medicine. Because of the high incidence of infectious diseases, it is helpful to identify more agents that are able to treat diseases. Antioxidant effects have been reported for different plant extracts. We aimed to investigate antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antibacterial effect of Quercus brantii L. fruit extract. In this study, Q. brantii L. fruit was extracted by maceration using ethanol 70%. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalceu reagent and gallic acid equivalence, and antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Antibacterial effects were investigated by broth microdilution and measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Then the effects of different concentrations of extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis growth were investigated in comparison with vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. Our findings demonstrate that antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Q. brantii L. fruit was more than that of BHT. Total phenolic content was derived (3.010 mg GAE/g DW). Flavonol and flavonoid contents were 1.813 and 0.654 mg/g, respectively. The extract was found to exert significant inhibitory effects on both studied bacteria. S. aureus was more susceptible than E. faecalis to Q. brantii L. fruit extract. Q. brantii L. fruit extract can exert considerable antioxidant effects, contains high amounts of phenolic, flavonol, and flavonoid compounds, and inhibits bacterial growth.

Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Study of<em> Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> Strain: Possible Inhibitory Mechanism of Rutin on Strain Growth

“…These results indicate that, compared to wild control, no matter Luteolin or Rutin treatments could inhibit the medium and low RPKM genes. Compared to the number (40) of highly expressed genes unique to wild control, Luteolin treatment induced more highly expressed genes (80) while Rutin treatment decreased the number of highly expressed genes (14). As a result, the inhibitory effects of Rutin against K. pneumoniae ATCC700603 could be due to the decreased number of expressed genes, especially the highly expressed ones.…”

“…The antibacterial effects of flavonoids have been extensively investigated and studied for many years [12,13]. Flavonoids extracts derived from Quercus brantii L. fruit exhibited significant inhibitory effect on both Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 500µg/mL) and Enterococcus fecalis (MIC 600 µg/mL) [14]. The extract from a shrub (Sambucus australis) also showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium (MIC 250µg/mL) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC 250µg/mL) [15].…”

Phytochemical Profile, Pharmacological Attributes and Medicinal Properties of Convolvulus prostratus – A Cognitive Enhancer Herb for the Management of Neurodegenerative Etiologies

“…Moreover, an alkaloid, namely, Sankhpuspine has also been isolated from this plant and is known as a chemotaxonomic marker for this species (Basu and Dandiya, 1948;Saroya and Singh, 2018). CP plant also contains other alkaloids (convolamine, convosine, convoline, convolidine, convolvine, confoline, evolvine, phyllabine, subhirsine, sankhpuspine) (Agarwa et al, 2014;Balaji et al, 2014); anthroquinones; carbohydrates (D-glucose, sucrose, rhamnose, maltose) (Dhingra and Valecha, 2007;Bhowmik et al, 2012;Agarwa et al, 2014); coumarins (ayapanin, scopolin, scopoletin); flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin) (Lal, 2014); glycosides (geranilan-3-ol-1-carboxylate (Sultana et al, 2018); phenolic compounds; steroids; tannins; and terpenoids (Ravichandra et al, 2013;Agarwa et al, 2014;Balaji et al, 2014;Malik et al, 2016). Several other hydrocarbons, namely, 1-pentyl-2-tridecanyl cyclopentyl cyclohexane carboxylate, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 10-bromodecanoic acid, 1-octadecanesulphonyl chloride, 2-butanone, 2-pentanol, 7-hydroxyheptadecanyl-1,7, 17tricarboxylic acid, ascorbic acid, cyclononasiloxane, cyclooctadecanyl methanol, decanoic acid, dicyclohexyl cyclo-octyl acetic acid, eicosane, heneicosane, hydroxy cinnamic acid, octatriacontyl pentafluoropropionate, pentadecyl 2-propyl ester, pentanoic acid, pentyl hexacosanoate, phthalic acid, silane, squalene, tetracyclohexanyl caproate and tridecane are also found in the extract of the CP plant (Bhalerao et al, 2014;Malik et al, 2016;Rachitha et al, 2018;Sultana et al, 2018).…”

Integrated multi-omics analysis ofKlebsiella pneumoniaerevealed the discrepancy in flavonoid effect against strain growth between Rutin and Luteolin

“…Flavonoids extracts derived from Quercus brantii L. fruit exhibited significant inhibitory effect on both Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 500 µg/mL) and Enterococcus fecalis (MIC 600 µg/mL), respectively [13].…”