This paper describes modeling of on-chip inductors using lumped elements [15][16][17]. In this paper, a circuit and transformers for high frequency integrated circuit simulation model for on-chip inductors and transformers has applications. The effects of the substrate losses, substrate been developed. This model can help the designers to predict capacitances, overlap capacitances between the turns of spiral and optimize the device characteristics. It is also useful to and the cross-under layer, and the oxide capacitance between the simulate on-chip inductors and transformers using integrated spiral and the substrate are included in the analysis. Quality factor and scattering matrix forward transmission coefficient are circuits CAD tools such as SPICE. computed based on the proposed model. This model will facilitate This paper is organized as follows. Section II describes onon-chip inductor and transformer design and also useful to chip inductor equivalent circuit and modeling. Modeling of simulate on-chip inductors and transformers using integrated stacked on-chip transformer is presented in Section III. Results circuits CAD tools such as SPICE. and discussions are described in Section IV and it is followed Keywords-on-chip inductor; on-chip transformer; self and by conclusion in Section V. mutual inductances; scattering matrix, qualityfactor. Fig. 1 shows implementation of on-chip spiral inductor. The The demands placed on portable wireless communication inductor is a metal layer grown on a top of Si substrate. The equipments for high performance and integration levels have equivalent lumped model is shown in Fig. 2. The inductance generated much interest in integrated radio frequency (RF) and resistance of a spiral are represented by Ls and Rs inductors and transformers. In earlier days RF passive respectively. Cs is the overlap capacitance between the turns components such as inductor and transformer were of spiral and the cross-under layer. Cox is the oxide implemented as off-chip components. As the increasing of the capacitance between the spiral and the substrate. Csi and Rs, operating frequency, on-chip radio frequency integrated are the parameters modeling substrate losses and capacitive circuits (RFICs) are received a great attention because of the effects respectively. potential of achieving low cost, low supply voltage, low power
II. MODELING OF ON-CHIP INDUCTOR I. INTRODUCTIONThe series inductance Ls includes both the self and mutual dissipation, small size, low noise, and high operating inductances and given by frequency [ 1].On-chip inductor is one of the essential elements of Ls = Lsef+ M+-M (1) communication circuit blocks. It is widely used in many where Lseif is the self inductance and for a rectangular applications such as voltage-controlled oscillators, low noise conductor it is a summation of the self-inductances of straight amplifiers, on-chip LC filtering, and mixers [2-6]. On the segments [18] and can be expressed as other hand, on-chip transformer has variety applications on the on-chi...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.