Aim:The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in small ruminants in relation to various risk factors in the western zone of Punjab.Materials and Methods:During the study, 603 fecal samples (391 of sheep and 212 of goats) were examined qualitatively by floatation and sedimentation techniques, and quantitatively by McMaster technique.Results:Out of the 603 fecal (391 sheep and 212 goats) samples examined, 501 were found positive for endoparasitic infection with an overall prevalence of 83.08%, consisting of 85.16% and 79.24% in sheep and goats, respectively. Egg per gram in sheep was apparently more 1441.88±77.72 than goats 1168.57±78.31. The associated risk factors with the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites showed that females (85.97%) were significantly more susceptible than males (69.23%). Age wise the adults (>6 months) were significantly more prone to parasitic infection as compared to young ones (<6 months). Seasonal variation was recorded throughout the year and was significantly highest during monsoon (90.10%), followed by winter (83.84%) and summer (78.35%).Conclusion:The study revealed an overall prevalence of 83.08% of GIT parasitic infections in small ruminants constituting 85.16% in sheep and 79.24% in goats in the western zone of Punjab. The most relevant risk factors for the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in ruminants were sex, age, and season.

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of Mifepristone (25 mg) on symptomatic myoma in perimenopausal women.Study Design:Open label clinical trial.Materials and Methods:Ninety three perimenopausal women of age 35-50 years having symptomatic myoma were selected from Gynecology OPD and given 25 mg Mifepristone once daily continuously for three months. Variables as; baseline uterine size, uterine volume, myoma size, volume, their number, position, characteristics, hemoglobin and blood parameters, were taken and followed monthly for six months. Bleeding and pain scores were checked on monthly visits. Changes in above parameters were tabulated during the first three months treatment phase and then next three post-treatment phase for analysis.Statistical Analysis:Was done by calculating mean, standard deviation, standard error and percentage distribution of variables.Results:Menorrhagia was the most common symptom which led patients to report to hospital. Mean uterine volume reduced to 63.69% of baseline, Mean dominant Myoma volume reduced to 53.62% and hemoglobin level raised to 137% after complete three months of treatment. Changes persisted in next three months post-treatment follow-up, while hysterectomy was required in 10 (12.2%) cases.Conclusion:Three months treatment of 25 mg Mifepristone effectively controls bleeding, reduces the uterine and myoma volume and thus can avoid blood transfusion and hysterectomy in a lot of symptomatic myoma cases.

Severe hypoglycemia characterized by neuroglycopenic symptoms is a recently described and relatively uncommon complication of gastric bypass surgery. It occurs several months to years after surgery and may be distinct from the more commonly encountered dumping syndrome that occurs early in the postoperative course and usually improves with time. Nesidioblastosis has been proposed as a possible underlying mechanism for late postoperative hypoglycemia. This syndrome is distinct from noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia and likely has a multifactorial etiology. It responds variably to nutrition and pharmacological interventions. Partial pancreatectomy and reversal of the bypass have sometimes been used to ameliorate symptoms.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 167, 198 and 200 of β-tubulin isotype 1 gene accounts for benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus. To assess the anthelmintic resistance to benzimidazole group, allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) was employed on 50 adults of local abattoir of Ludhiana and 138 harvested larvae of H. contortus from faecal samples collected from field flocks of 6 districts of western zone of Punjab. The adults were found to be homozygous resistant (rr) showing 100% prevalence of resistant allele (r). AS-PCR on 138 larvae collected from different districts of Punjab showed 49.28% (69) homozygous resistant (rr), 3.62% (5) homozygous susceptible (SS) and 46.37% (64) heterozygous (rS) population. Species was confirmed as H. contortus by PCR-RFLP from the three fragments of size 462 bp, 211 bp and 147 bp. The pioneer study on the molecular diagnosis of benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus showed an overall allele frequency for resistant and susceptible population to be 0.72 (TTC) and 0.28 (TAC), espectively indicating development of high level of resistance in sheep.

No abstract