Introduction: Gallbladder stones are commonest disorder among gall bladder lesions and are usually asymptomatic. Its frequency in cholecystectomy specimens is not clear. The aim of this study was to report the morphological variants and frequency of different lesions in cholecystectomy specimens. Objective: To study the various histopathological spectrum of gall bladder lesions. Materials and Methods: In present study we have studied total 141 cases of gall bladder lesion during the period of 6 months from April 2017 to October 2017 in the Dept. of Pathology at Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda. Results: Benign lesions of gall bladder outnumbered the malignant ones with non-neoplastic lesions accounting for 93.6% (132 cases) with chronic calculous cholecystitis contributing the majority of the non-neoplastic lesions (49.64%) followed by cholesterolosis (22.69%), acalculous cholecystitis (4.96%), followed by gangrenous and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Females were predominantly affected in the present study with total 107 cases out of 141 cases-75.8% cases. Most of the non-neoplastic lesions of the gall bladder lesions are common in 3rd, 4th and 5th decades of life. Neoplastic lesions of the gall bladder were common in 5th, 6th and 7th decades of life. Out of 141 cases 5 cases are of adenocarcinoma of gall bladder-3.5% of all cases. The mean age of patient with adenocarcinoma of gall bladder is 60.8 years. Conclusion: Gall bladder lesions were common indication for surgical intervention and pathological evaluation. Most of them were inflammatory lesions with cholelithiasis, however thorough examination is important as these lesions may progress to fatal malignancies.
Background:The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. Clinical laboratories should perform D test routinely to guide the clinicians about the inducible clindamycin resistance and to prevent misuse of antibiotics. Aims: Study aimed to isolates the Inducible and Constitutive clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the performance of disk diffusion method in 183 Staphylococci aureus strains obtained from various clinical samples of the patients collected from September 2018 to February 2020 at a tertiary care centre, Meerut. Result: Inducible clindamycin resistance was tested by 'D test' as per CLSI guidelines. 142(77.6%) of S. aureus isolates were found to be methicillin resistant (MRSA) and 41 (22.4%) tested sensitive to cefoxitin i.e., methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Conclusion: Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA). The D test method showed to be simple and easy in the detection of inducible (iMLS B ) and constitutive clindamycin resistance (cMLS B ).
Introduction: Cervical cancer is an increasing health problem, comprising approximately 12% of all cancers among women worldwide. India has the highest age standardized incidence of cervical cancers in South Asia. By simple pap screening test cervical cancer and its precursor lesions can be detected and treated early. The present study was conducted to study the different patterns of cervical lesions in a tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology of Pathology AIMSR, Bathinda over a period of one year. A total of 231 cases were included in the study. Prepared slides dipped in ethyl alcohol in coplin jar were received in the Pathology department. Slides were air-dried and stained with Pap stain. Reporting was done by two cytopathologists according to the Bethesda Classification System. Results: Maximum number of cases were in the age group 30-39 years constituting 34.19% of the total cases followed by age group 20-29 years. The oldest case was of age 81 years. Minimum percentage (0.86%) of cases were under 80-89 age group. Vaginal discharge was the commonest chief complaint followed by menorrhagia and lower abdominal pain.Maximum number of cases reported as Non-Specific Inflammatory Smears (57.57%). Among epithelial cell abnormalities incidence of ASCUS and ASCUS-H was 0.86% followed by SCC (0.43%). Conclusion: Pap smear testing is an economical, non-invasive and simple OPD procedure to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous lesions of cervix. It should be established as a routine screening procedure to reduce the treatment burden, morbidity and mortality.
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a distinguished histopathological entity affecting several organs, most likely kidney and gall bladder. Only a small number of cases of xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) are reported in literature so far. Microscopic examination show sheets of foamy histiocytes along with other inflammatory cells on H&E stains sections. We present a case of 31-year-old female with complaint of inability to conceive for 3 years and having history of previous 3 tubal pregnancies. Hysteroscopy examination reveals fluffy endometrium, patent bilateral fornices with normal cervical mucosa. Dilatation and curettage were done and sent for histopathological examination, and diagnosis of Xanthogranulomatous Endometritis was made. As XGE is a rare inflammatory disease, awareness of this lesion is necessary for both the gynaecologist and pathologist and should be kept in differential diagnosis in the cases of infertility.
Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become an increasingly popular technique for assessment and initial diagnosis of breast lumps as it is the least invasive technique for obtaining a cytological diagnosis and is of high accuracy if done by experienced personnel. Thyroid hormone receptors affect both the normal breast cell differentiation and breast cancer cell proliferation, with effects of thyroid hormones similar to those caused by estrogens. Relationship between thyroid disease, such as nodular hyperplasia, hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer, with breast cancer was demonstrated in several studies. In the present study, we have evaluated the correlation of cytomorphological diagnosis of breast lesions with thyroid profile. Material and Methods: Total of 80 cases were included in the study and all necessary statistical analysis was done including the percentages, means, standard deviations, ranges and p values. Results: Triiodothyronine (T3) and Tetraiiodothryronine (T4) levels were statically significantly lower among participants with malignant breast lesions as compared to benign breast lesions.(p < 0.01).However mean values of both were normal in both these groups. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels among study participants with malignant breast lesions were statistically higher than those of benign breast lesions. However mean in both these groups was within normal range. Conclusion: No significant correlation between thyroid profile and breast lesions was established. But the effect of thyroid hormone on breast cancer clearly requires further research.
Primary prostate sarcoma is a rare malignancy of the prostate with poor prognosis. It accounts for <1% of the tumors of the prostate. Leiomyosarcoma is the most common sarcoma involving the prostate in adults affecting men between the ages of 40 and 78 years. Tumor cells commonly express vimentin, smooth muscle actin and desmin, and up to 25% express cytokeratins.
Malignant melanoma is a potentially aggressive tumor of melanocytic origin. Primary oral malignant melanoma is a rare neoplasm, accounting for 0.5% of all oral malignancies. We report a case of 44yr old male patient who presented with a painful pigmented nodule involving the palate and histologically showing a spindle cell type of Melanoma.
an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, its increasing resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactams, mediated by extended-spectrum betalactamase enzymes (ESBL), is problem worldwide. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ESBL-production among the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Various clinical specimens received in our laboratory were processed and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as per standard microbiological procedure. All isolates were subjected for ESBL screening test. Potential ESBL producer was then subjected for ESBL Phenotypic confirmatory test –Disc Diffusion method. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method on all confirmed isolates as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI 2016) guidelines. A total of 322 non duplicate isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified during the study period. Of these 26.09% (n = 84) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were found to be ESBL producers. All ESBL positive isolates showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin 79 (94.05%), Gentamicin 61 (72.62%) and tobramycin 60 (71.43%). Resistance was low to drugs like cefoparazone + salbactum 17 (20.24%) and piperacillin + Tazobactum 14 (16.67%), and Imipenem 15 (17.86%). All the isolates showed 100% sensitive to Polymyxin B.Present study highlights the prevalence and drug resistance of ESBL positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regular antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is essential for judicial use of antibiotics in order to prevent the spread of drug resistance.
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