AbstrakPada World Radio Conference 2003 (WRC-03), The International Telecomunications Union (ITU) merekomendasikan alokasi baru untuk frekuensi bebas pada spectrum, 5470 -5725 MHz. Sebagaimana diketahui beberapa system berjalan seperti Radar cuaca, Radar Satelite dan radar militer memiliki potensi untuk terinterferensi dengan alokasi baru ini. Sehingga untuk meminimalisir potensi gangguan pada radar sistem tersebut maka ditetapkan suatu algoritma yang disebut Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS). Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) hingga akhir tahun 2012 mengoperasikan 27 Radar Cuaca C-Band dengan Frekuensi kisaran 5 GHz (5.6 -5.65) Ghz. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi Interferensi Frekuensi operasional Radar Cuaca C-Band di Indonesia dengan menerapkan metode Silent Mode pada radar cuaca untuk mendapatkan data sumber interferensi, pengukuran frekuensi di lingkungan operasional radar dan upaya proteksinya dengan melakukan analisis teknik terhadap spesifikasi operasional radar C-Band yang di Operasikan BMKG dengan parameter algoritma DFS sehingga dapat diketahui efektifitas kinerja DFS-ETSI dalam memproteksi Radar C-Band BMKG. Selain itu juga dilakukan diskusi dan analisis regulasi dan peraturan perundang-undangan dalam tataran internasional dan nasional khususnya terkait operasional Radar CBand. Sehingga diketahui adanya kelemahan pada algoritma DFS yang ada dan disampaikan saran perubahan serta usulan proteksi radar C-Band kepada regulator telekomunikasi di Indonesia
One of the extreme weather that happened in Indonesia is landspout. Landspout is virtually a tornado that forms from a thunderstorm that is not a supercell. On November 20, 2017 at 08.00 UTC there was a landspout in the village of Kertasada, Kalianget District, Sumenep Regency of Madura, East Java, Indonesia which caused damage to dozens of houses and many shops and warehouses. The study was done to determine the differences condition of the atmosphere before, during, and after the phenomenon based on synoptic analysis, atmospheric instability analysis, satellite image analysis, and radar image analysis. The results of the synoptic analysis of two weather parameters, pressure and temperature, also supported the occurrence of landspout phenomenon. Pressure and air temperature for two days before the occurrence of the landspout had a relatively similar pattern, but the average pressure appeared higher on the day of the incident. Temperature patterns showed a decrease from one hour before the incident, which was 3.2°C. The surface wind analysis showed wind speed during the day of the incident was higher than the previous two days, with a difference of 6 m s-1. The analysis of atmospheric instability when the incidence of the Lifted-Index (LI) values indicates the ‘unstable atmosphere and possible thunderstorm criteria. K-Index (KI) shows the possible to become moderate convetive’ The total index (TT) showed a stronger convective, local lightning potential and a value were higher than the previous two days. Severe Weather Threat Index (SWEAT) showed the potential of lightweight thunderstorm with greater instability value than the previous day while the Convective Avalilable Potential Energy (CAPE) index showed a large and potentially stormy energy. Then, in this research used Himawari-8 satellite and Radar C-band to detected convective clouds. According to Satellite Animation and Interactive Diagnosis (SATAID) satellite data, there is a Cumulonimbus (cb) cloud clump in the Sumenep region of Madura, which is meant to be potentially a landspout.
This study aims to analyze how the influence of vidio learning media on student competency achievement. The method used in this study was carried out by taking data from PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar databases, which were found in 2015-2021. The results showed that some of the learning media used by students were Vidio. In conclusion, Vidio as a learning medium is very influential in increasing knowledge, helping to get information about assignments, knowing the development of information, and can be used as material to deepen the material. Keywords: Students, Learning Media, Vidio (Learning Media, Vidio, Student)
<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Hail detection using information from satellite and weather radar is the right choice due to spatial and temporal variability of the phenomenon of high hail. Some algorithms that use single polarization radar data have been developed for hail detection. One method that has been applied in Reflectivity-based Hail Warning or ZHAIL radar product is the Waldvogel method. This research aims to find new threshold criteria for the application of the Waldvogel method in the Jakarta weather radar observation area which is grouped into three regions based on the distance of weather radar observation. In this research, hail events from 2010 to 2019 have been analysed. Analysis of weather and weather radar data was carried out to determine the climatological characteristics of reflectivity values, reflectivit heights, and freezing levels as parameters to be used to determine the criteria for modification in the Waldvogel method. The reflectifity and reflectivity values are obtained from the processing of radar data, while the freezing level is generated from the processing of the Himawari satellite image in the infrared channel. Waldvogel's algorithm with the three modifications that have been produced, then tested using Critical Success Index, Possibility of Detection, and False Alram Ratio, calculations on the percentage value of Probability Of Hail. The results of the research is the reflectivity values, reflectivity altitude and the most accurate freezing level applied to each region that was differentiated according to the weather radar distance radius observation. Better accuracy of the application of Waldvogel method is expected to reduce therougheffects ofthehail phenomenon.</p><p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Metode Waldvogel merupakan metode deteksi hujan es yang mengubah reflectivity dari pengamatan radar menjadi produk Reflectivity-based Hail Warning atau ZHAIL. Penggunaan metode Waldvogel masih perlu disesuaikan dengan kondisi wilayah tropis termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kriteria ambang batas baru untuk penerapan metode Waldvogel di daerah pengamatan radar cuaca Jakarta sehingga diperoleh akurasi metode Waldvogel yang lebih baik. Kriteria ambang dikelompokkan menjadi tiga wilayah berdasarkan jarak cakupan radar cuaca (wilayah I : <30 km, wilayah II : 30-100 km dan wilayah III : 100-150 km). Analisis data radar cuaca dilakukan untuk menentukan karakteristik klimatologis dari nilai reflectivity maksimum, ketinggian reflectivity maksimum, dan ketinggian freezing level sebagai parameter yang akan digunakan untuk menentukan kriteria modifikasi dalam metode Waldvogel. Verfikasi parameter diujikan dengan nilai Probability of Hail (POH), False Alarm Ratio (FAR), Possibility of Detection (POD), dan Critical Success Index (CSI). Hasil verifikasi menunjukan metode Waldvogel modiifikasi menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan metode Waldvogel awal untuk wilayah I dan II dengan kriteria metode Waldvogel modifikasi yang paling baik yaitu Waldvogel 3. Sedangkan untuk wilayah III, nilai kriteria yang lebih baik adalah Waldvogel tanpa modifikasi. Akurasi yang lebih baik dari penerapan metode Waldvogel diharapkan dapat mengurangi dampak buruk yang ditimbulkan dari fenomena hujan es</p>
<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Indonesia's electricity consumption has increased every year. One way to overcome this problem is by utilizing renewable energy sources such as wind. Utilization of this energy uses wind turbines installed at locations that have met the requirements. Therefore, information on wind conditions in several layers is required by using radar products such as CAPPI, PPI, and HWIND which are processed using Rainbow 5 software and then interpreted in a daily wind speed graph. Data obtained from radar imagery of Syamsudin Noor Meteorological Station-Banjarmasin. And to determine the boundary conditions of the wind layer is determined according to the length of the turbine blades to calculate the minimum wind speed needed to drive the turbine blades. The results of this study show that wind conditions in layers of 100 to 600 meters tend to be the same, making it difficult to determine the maximum height of the wind layer and from 7 days of the observation sample, it is found that some average wind speeds per day are 4.076923 m / s, 4.777778 m / s, 4.393939 m / s, 0.75 m / s, 0.72973 m / s, 3.678571 m / s, and 1.4375 m / s, which are known to have not met the minimum wind speed requirements for wind farm (PLTB) to produce optimal energy.</p><p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Konsumsi listrik Indonesia mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Salah satu untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan memanfaatkan sumber energi terbarukan seperti angin. Pemanfaatan energi ini menggunakan turbin angin yang dipasang pada lokasi yang telah memenuhi syarat. Karena itu, diperlukan informasi kondisi angin dibeberapa lapisan dengan menggunakan produk radar seperti CAPPI, PPI, dan HWIND yang diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Rainbow 5 lalu diintrepretasikan dalam grafik kecepatan angin harian. Data diperoleh dari citra radar Stasiun Meteorologi Kelas II Syamsudin Noor-Banjarmasin. Dan untuk menentukan kondisi batas lapisan angin ditentukan sesuai panjang dari baling-baling turbin untuk memperhitungkan kecepatan angin minimal yang diperlukan untuk menggerakkan baling-baling turbin. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan kondisi angin di lapisan 100 hingga 600 meter cenderung sama, sehingga sulit untuk menentukan ketinggian lapisan angin maksimum dan dari 7 hari sebagai sampel pengamatan didapatkan beberapa kecepatan angin rata-rata perhari antara lain 4.076923 m/s, 4.777778 m/s, 4.393939 m/s, 0,75 m/s, 0.72973 m/s, 3.678571 m/s, dan 1.4375 m/s yang diketahui belum memenuhi persyaratan kecepatan angin minimum yang diperlukan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) untuk menghasilkan energi yang optimal.</p>
<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Quasi Linear Convective System (QLCS) is one of the phenomena of meso-scale convective weather systems (MCS), which are linear in shape with an unspecified leftime and potentially bad weather in the form of heavy rain and strong winds. This research will identify, analyze, and characterize QLCS in the Pangkalan Bun region, Central Kalimantan, as a research location with a period of March to May 2017 using raw data radar data base of Pangkalanbun type C-Band single polarization type Selex SI Gematronik. Method of research was conducted in a descriptive analysis with a description of the QLCS temporally and spatially. The results showed the most duration was 30-60 minutes. The location of the QLCS formation is dominant in the coastal plain or lowland areas. The type of formation of QLCS is dominant broken line.</p><p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Quasi Linear Convective System (QLCS) merupakan salah satu fenomena dari sistem cuaca konvektif skala meso atau Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) yang berbentuk linear dengan masa hidup tidak ditentukan dan berpotensi cuaca buruk berupa hujan lebat dan angin kencang. Pada penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan mengarakteristikan QLCS di wilayah cakupan radar Pangkalan Bun, Kalimantan Tengah sebagai lokasi penelitian dengan jangka waktu bulan Maret sampai Mei tahun 2017 menggunakan raw data radar cuaca Pangkalan Bun tipe C-Band jenis polarisasi tunggal Selex SI Gematronik. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif produk Column Max (CMAX), Combined Moment (CM), Strom Structure Analysis (SSA), Severe Weather Indicator (SWI), dan Horizontal WInd (HWIND). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan durasi pembentukan QLCS terbanyak terjadi dalam rentang 30-60 menit dengan lokasi pembentukan QLCS dominan pada area coastal plain atau dataran rendah. Tipe pembentukan QLCS dominan broken line dan banyak terjadi di pagi hari.</p>
<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract: </strong>Weather radar is used to cover the lack of measurement due to the precision of the amount of rainfall gauges. Products on the weather radar produce reflectivity data (Z), so to get rainfall estimation data processing is required with the reflectivity (Z) and rain rate (R) or Z-R relationships. The Z-R relationship can be different in every condition. One of the influences is the type of rain clouds, namely convective and stratiform. This study aims to determine the relationship of Z-R and radar products that are more suitable for use in Lampung. The study was conducted by classifying the type of rain cloud based on rain rate, then produced CMAX, CAPPI, SRI and RIH radar products at the time of the rain. Next, a comparison of rainfall events from convective and stratiform rain cloud types from actual rain events to radar estimation results using the Z-R relationship from Marshall-Palmer, Rosenfeld Tropical and WSR-88D Convective. The results show that SRI products are most suitable for the case of rain from convective clouds, while CMAX products are more suitable for stratiform rain cloud types. Then it can be seen that there are different uses of Z-R relationships in different types of rain clouds. Convective cloud type is more suitable to use the Z-R WSR-88D Convective (W-C) and Marshall Palmer (M-P) relationship is more suitable for stratiform cloud type.</p><p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Radar cuaca digunakan untuk menutupi kekurangan pengukuran karena ketebatasan jumlah alat pengukur curah hujan. Produk pada radar cuaca menghasilkan data reflektivitas (Z), sehingga untuk mendapatkan data estimasi curah hujan diperlukan pengolahan dengan hubungan reflektivitas (Z) dan rain rate (R) atau hubungan Z-R yang dapat berbeda pada setiap kondisi. Salah satu yang mempengaruhi adalah tipe awan hujan yaitu konvektif dan stratiform. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan Z-R dan produk radar yang lebih cocok digunakan pada daerah Lampung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasikan tipe awan hujan berdasarkan rain rate, kemudian dihasilkan produk-produk radar CMAX, CAPPI, SRI dan RIH. Selanjutnya dilakukan perbandingan kejadian hujan sebenarnya dari tipe awan konvektif dan stratiform dengan hasil estimasi radar dengan menggunakan hubungan Z-R dari Marshall-Palmer, Rosenfeld Tropical dan WSR-88D Convective. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produk SRI paling cocok digunakan untuk kasus hujan dari awan konvektif, sedangkan produk CMAX lebih cocok untuk tipe awan stratiform. Diketahui bahwa terdapat penggunaan hubungan Z-R berbeda pada tipe awan hujan yang berbeda. Untuk tipe awan konvektif lebih cocok menggunakan hubungan Z-R WSR-88D Convective (W-C) dan Marshall Palmer (M-P) lebih cocok untuk tipe awan stratiform.</p>
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