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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was converted into high-grade solid fuels (biochar) and gaseous product via thermal pyrolysis under pyrolytic gas atmosphere. The experiment was carried out in a packed-bed reactor at the temperature range of 600-800 °C in both atmospheres of N 2 and pyrolytic gas. Gas, liquid, and solid products were analyzed by gas chromatograph and elemental analysis. Amount of biochar obtained from both atmospheres were not significantly different. CH 4 and CO 2 in pyrolytic gas promoted the release of volatile in the MSW, resulting in lower ratio of VM/FC, ca. 0.13. The atomic ratios of O/C and H/C were around 0.02-0.11 and 0.005-0.035, respectively. These values were equivalent to anthracite coal type. On the other hand, the liquid fuel yield under pyrolytic gas condition was found to be higher, compared with that under N 2 condition. In addition, the enhancement of H 2 and CO production was accompanied by the decrease in CH 4 and CO 2 output. Overall, the operating condition at 800 °C or higher with reaction times longer than 4 min were recommended for production of biochar with fuel qualities approaching anthracite coal. Graphic abstractKeywords Municipal solid waste · Pyrolysis · Pyrolytic gas atmosphere · Biochar * Haryo Wibowo

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