Abstract. Prayitno E, Nuryandani E. 2011. Optimization of DNA extraction of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) by selecting the appropriate leaf. Nusantara Bioscience 3: 1-6. Jatropha curcas L. has important roles as renewable source of bioenergy. The problem occurs on difficult of DNA extraction for its molecular breeding programs. The objectives of this research were to study which leaf best as source of DNA extraction. Four accessions were used, namely J1 and J2 (Jawa Tengah), S1 (South Sumatra), and S2 (Bengkulu). First, third, fifth, seventh, and yellow leaves for each accession were extracted using modification of Doyle and Doyle (1987) method. Visualization and comparison with Lambda DNA, Spectrophotometer UV-Vis and cutting DNA with EcoRI enzyme were show quality and quantity of DNA. The result showed that third leaves have sufficient quality and quantity as source of DNA. Third leaves DNA quantity for J1 (19.33 µg/mL), J2 (26.21 µg/mL), S1 (31.20 µg/mL), and S2 (61.03 µg/mL), and quality for each accession were 1.9063 (J1), 2.0162 (J2), 2.0116 (S1), and 2.0856 (S2).
The independent food movement has become a global issue. Fulfillment of food for every household is a goal as well as a target for food security in the region and nationally. This can be done from strengthening food security at the family level by realizing family food independence. Family food independence is carried out by utilizing the yard of the house. The problem occurs when the yard area is decreasing. The narrowness of the land resulted in the interest and attention of residents to continue the culture of utilizing the yard is decreasing and even being forgotten. To overcome this, a systemic and systematic strategy is needed to revive the culture. Re-actualization efforts are needed to revive the culture of planting in the yard. PkM activities aim to improve the socio-economic conditions of the residents by setting aside a little time and energy to cultivate the yard into a source of family food security. The activity was carried out in Prambatan Lor Village, Rt 05 Rw I, Kaliwungu sub-district, Kudus district. Stages of activity: 1) site survey/licensing, 2) theoretical training 3) practical training and 4) monitoring and evaluation. The results of the monitoring carried out showed that the vegetables were starting to grow, while the catfish were in the growth stage. The results of the interview partners felt happy to get new knowledge and were helped in using the yard as a sustainable food house.
Triticum aestivum L is a cereal plant that grows optimally in a subtropical climate. In tropical climate wheat growth experieces various obstacles such as high air temperature and humidity, and intensity of light. Study of wheat conditions for the growth of this plant in tropical areas such as Indonesia is needed. This study aims to determine the effect of light on the germination, growth, and early development of wheat.this is an experimental research with two treatments, the first group was in normal light and the the second was without light. Each treatment was carried out using 30 replications. The analysis was carried out by comparing the average value of plant length and plant morphology from eight days of observation on two kinds of treatments. The results showed that there were differences in plant height in the two treatments. The average plant height on the 8th day in normal light treatment was 9.76 cm, while the average plant height with the treatment without light was 10.1 cm. Observations of growth on the morphology of wheat plants showed that plants with no light treatment experienced a slowdown in the opening of the second leaf, had a paler color and thinner leaf blades, compared to plants grown with light treatment. The absence of light accelerates the germination process and increases the height of wheat plants, but at a later stage it can slow down the development of these plants.
Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa dapat menjadi patogen pada manusia. Bakteri ini diketahui bersifat resisten terhadap antibiotik tertentu. Salah satu bahan alam yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri sebagai alternatif penggunaan antibiotik adalah daun jeruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak daun jeruk dari tiga jenis jeruk (Citrus nobilis, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus maxima) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan P. aeruginosa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram kertas (paper disk) dengan persentase 12,5%, 25%, dan 50% ekstrak yang dilarutkan dalam karboksimetil selulosa (CMC) 2%. Kontrol negatif menggunakan CMC 2%, sedangkan kontrol positif menggunakan antibiotik siprofloksasin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas antibakteri ketiga macam ekstrak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif, namun aktifitas antara ketiga macam ekstrak daun jeruk tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Ekstrak daun C. nobilis dengan konsentrasi 50% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri S. aureus relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua ekstrak daun jeruk yang lain, sedangkan pada bakteri P. aeruginosa aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun C. maxima relatif lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak daun jeruk yang lain. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun jeruk dari C. nobilis, C. sinensis, dan C. maxima memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan S. aureus dan P. aeruginosa.Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa dapat menjadi patogen pada manusia. Bakteri ini diketahui bersifat resisten terhadap antibiotik tertentu. Salah satu bahan alam yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri sebagai alternatif penggunaan antibiotik adalah daun jeruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak daun jeruk dari tiga jenis jeruk (Citrus nobilis, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus maxima) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan P. aeruginosa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram kertas (paper disk) dengan persentase 12,5%, 25%, dan 50% ekstrak yang dilarutkan dalam karboksimetil selulosa (CMC) 2%. Kontrol negatif menggunakan CMC 2%, sedangkan kontrol positif menggunakan antibiotik siprofloksasin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas antibakteri ketiga macam ekstrak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif, namun aktifitas antara ketiga macam ekstrak daun jeruk tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Ekstrak daun C. nobilis dengan konsentrasi 50% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri S. aureus relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua ekstrak daun jeruk yang lain, sedangkan pada bakteri P. aeruginosa aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun C. maxima relatif lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak daun jeruk yang lain. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun jeruk dari C. nobilis, C. sinensis, dan C. maxima memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan S. aureus dan P. aeruginosa.
Abstract. Nuryandani E, Susandarini R, Indrianto A, Nuringtyas RT, Fathima AM, Subandiyah S. 2020. Short Communication: Variations of morphology, anatomy, and metabolite profiles of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Tawangmangu grafts produced by shoot tip grafting using several rootstocks. Biodiversitas 21: 4671-4676. Cultivation of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Tawangmangu, one of leading mandarin cultivars in Indonesia, remains challenging due to the limitations of suitable rootstocks. The use of suitable rootstocks will greatly determine the success of grafting and affect the performance of the scion. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological, anatomical, and metabolic profiles of grafts between Tawangmangu and rootstocks from various species using shoot tip grafting. Observations of morphological, anatomical, and metabolite variation were carried out eight weeks after the beginning of the growth of the scions. The morphological characters were observed on leaves and stems of the scions. Anatomical data were obtained from the examination of longitudinal sections of grafts prepared using paraffin-embedded method. Analysis of metabolite profiles was performed using LC-MS. The results showed that for two of the three rootstocks used, C. ichangensis × C. reticulata cv. Austera (Japansche Citroen (JC)) and Citrus (Fortunella) japonica (Fortunella) scion growth was vigorous and resulted in a large number of leaves and long stems. Morphological variation was found in the leaf shape, as indicated by wider and wavy leaves of grafts with Fortunella, while narrower and straighter leaves were found in grafts with JC. The grafting onto the third rootstock, C. hystrix, induced dwarfing of the scions. Variation in the anatomical profiles was found in vascular vessels, and in exodermic and endodermic cell sizes. Differences in metabolic profiles of the grafts were found compared to scion and rootstocks. Results of this study provide an important contribution to the successful improvement of Tawangmangu.
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