The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of essential oils from three species of plants with intermediary concentrations of 1,8-cineole against the tick species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For this purpose, five serial concentrations (100.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2 mg/mL) of essential oils from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. were used on larval packet and adult immersion tests. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), being detected 35.8, 24.7 and 24.0% of 1.8-cineol in the oils of M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum and A. zerumbet, respectively. The lethal concentration (LC 50) of each oil for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. All essential oils showed high efficacy (≥ 95.0%) on engorged females at the 100.0 mg/mL concentration. In regards to larvae, O. gratissimum (LC 50 = 11.9 mg/mL) was the most potent, followed by the A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19.7 mg/mL) and the M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51.6 mg/mL) essential oils. These results show that other compounds interfere with 1,8-cineole action.
The objective of the present work was to develop an advanced fast phenotyping tool to explore the cashew apple compositions from different genotypes, based on a portable near-infrared (MicroNIR) spectroscopy. This will be in addition to associating the variability of the respective cashew apple pulps with the genotypes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The NIR analysis is a non-destructive, low-cost procedure that provides prompt results, while considering the morphology of different cashew apples (shape, size, and color). The UPLC-HRMS analysis is characterized by specific bioactive compounds, such as the derivatives of hydroxybutanoic acid, galloyl, and flavonoids. Furthermore, both techniques allowed the identification of a group of accessions, which presented similarities among the chemical profiling. However, to improve the understanding of cashew chemical and physical variability, further variables related to the cashew apple composition, such as edaphoclimatic conditions, should be considered for future studies. These approaches lead to the conclusion that these two tools are useful for the maintenance of BAG-Caju (Cashew Germplasm Bank) and for the cashew-breeding program.
Avaliaram-se as características de qualidade de pequi (C. coriaceum) congelado e acondicionado em diferentes embalagens, armazenados a -18º C, durante 300 dias. Os frutos, coletados na safra de 2009/2010, foram descascados, obtendo-se assim os caroços, que, após sanificados, foram submetidos a 3 tipos de embalagens: 1 - Cortados em lâminas de aproximadamente 2 mm de espessura de polpa e seladas a vácuo em polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD); 2 - Caroços embalados e selados a vácuo em sacos de PEAD; 3 - Caroços dispostos em bandejas de poliestireno expandido e envoltos por filme plástico. As amostras foram avaliadas aos 0; 60; 120; 180; 240 e 300 dias de armazenamento. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, e os resultados foram submetidos a análises de variância e regressão. O congelamento do pequi submetido aos três tipos de acondicionamento foi eficiente na preservação das características de qualidade como: pH, acidez titulável e açúcares totais durante 300 dias de armazenamento. Os teores de carotenoides e polifenóis extraíveis totais mostraram redução acentuada no acondicionamento da polpa a vácuo. A forma mais indicada de congelamento do pequi para a manutenção da cromaticidade é o acondicionamento do caroço a vácuo ou em bandeja com filme de PVC.
A total of 27 polyphenolic compounds were detected, identified and quantitated in methanol extracts of various botanical parts of Senna splendida (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby. On a dry weight basis, the higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds was detected in the leaves (28.524 g/kg) and roots (13.884 g/kg). By contrast, the values in the flowers (6.331g/kg) and bark of Senna splendida (2.736 g/kg) were considerably lower. The major component in Senna splendida leaves was quercetin diglucoside, (7.887 g/kg), in the roots methoxy oxyresveratrol (4.485 g/kg), in the flowers quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside-4´-Oglucoside (2.885 g/kg), and in the bark quercitrin (quercetin rhamnoside; 0.881 g/kg). The composition of the polyphenolic compounds in the flowers, leaves and bark were dominated by flavonoids at > 98%, whereas the composition was quite different in the roots, of which the major components were napththapyrones (54 %) and stilbenes (39 %) with a very low contribution from flavonoids (5 %) and phenolic acids (2 %).
STABILITy OF PEQUI FRUIT (Caryocar coriaceum wITTM) SAUCE AT AMBIENT TEMPERATUREABSTRACT -It was evaluated the stability of a pequi fruit sauce stored for 300 days at ambient temperature (24 ± 2 º C). The flowchart of preparing the pequi fruit sauce had the following steps: raw material, selection and washing, sanitizing, washing, peeling, selection, baking, pulping, formulation, hest treatment, homogenization, potting and storage. It was adopted a completely randomized design with three replications and the 6 storage periods (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 days) constituted the treatments. The results of the evaluations of the quality characteristics were subjected to analysis of variance regression. The sensory analysis data were analyzed according to the frequency distribution. The formulation in a 1:1:1 ratio (pulp + water + acetic acid -vinegar) coupled with the addition of potassium sorbate and heat treatment was effective in maintaining the stability of quality characteristics of the pequi fruit sauce by at least 300 days storage at ambient temperature. The appearance and flavor attributes were better acceptance of pequi fruit sauce that also obtained satisfactory index of purchase intent. The pequi fruit sauce showed microbiological conditions in accordance with the laws established by demonstrating that the processing performed was effective in controlling spoilage and pathogenic micro-organism.
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