A total of 27 polyphenolic compounds were detected, identified and quantitated in methanol extracts of various botanical parts of Senna splendida (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby. On a dry weight basis, the higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds was detected in the leaves (28.524 g/kg) and roots (13.884 g/kg). By contrast, the values in the flowers (6.331g/kg) and bark of Senna splendida (2.736 g/kg) were considerably lower. The major component in Senna splendida leaves was quercetin diglucoside, (7.887 g/kg), in the roots methoxy oxyresveratrol (4.485 g/kg), in the flowers quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside-4´-Oglucoside (2.885 g/kg), and in the bark quercitrin (quercetin rhamnoside; 0.881 g/kg). The composition of the polyphenolic compounds in the flowers, leaves and bark were dominated by flavonoids at > 98%, whereas the composition was quite different in the roots, of which the major components were napththapyrones (54 %) and stilbenes (39 %) with a very low contribution from flavonoids (5 %) and phenolic acids (2 %).
Until recently, there was a lack of information on the phytochemical composition of the taxon Senna. Recent reports show that Senna splendida, Senna gardneri, and Senna georcica are characterized by profiles dominated by flavonoids, naphthapyrones, and stilbenes. Here, we studied the phytochemical composition of Senna macranthera var pudibunda (Benth) Irwin & Barneby for comparison. A total of 26 polyphenolic compounds were identified in methanol extracts of various botanical parts of Senna macranthera var pudibunda (Benth.) Irwin & Barneby. The higher concentration (on a dry weight basis) of polyphenolic compounds was detected in the leaves (48.55 g/kg), bark (21.26 g/kg), and roots (17.08 g/kg), whereas a lower concentration of polyphenolic compounds was detected in the fruits (6.67 g/kg). The polyphenolic profiles of the various botanical parts were dominated by flavan-3-ols and flavan-3-ol dimers. The bark and roots contained only these components (100%), whereas flavonoids were also identified as minor components in the leaves (15.7%) and the fruits (5.6%), respectively. The flavan-3-ol conjugates comprised the well-known procyanidins, along with the rarely reported afzelechin, giobourtinidol and procassinidin dimers.
Because there is a dearth of data on the taxon Senna, the aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition of various botanical parts of Senna gardneri Irwin & Barneby and Senna georgica Irwin & Barneby. A total of 24 polyphenolic compounds were identified in methanol extracts. The higher concentration (on a dry weight basis) of polyphenolic compounds, was detected in the leaves (29.3 g/kg) and roots (17.3 g/kg) of S. gardneri. By contrast, a lower concentration of polyphenolic compounds were detected in the roots of S. georgica (11.8 g/kg), followed by the bark (5.8 g/kg), leaves (0.7 g/kg) and fruits (0.3 g/kg). Flavonoids comprised the major polyphenolic compounds in leaves of S. gardneri (98 %) and S. georgica (100 %) and the bark of S. georgica (86 %). Whereas the composition was quite different in the roots, of which the major components were stilbenes and naphthapyrones at 87 % and 13 % in S. georgica roots and 64 % and 28 % in S. gardneri roots. The fruits of S. georgica contained only one anthraquinone. In conclusion the roots of S. gardneri (11.023 g/kg) and S. georgica (10.285 g/kg) are a rich source of stilbenes, which have promising cancer chemopreventive capacities.
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