Salinity is a major abiotic stress that seriously limits plant growth and crop productivity. The halophytic Rhizophora stylosa is useful for the study of the molecular mechanisms behind salinity tolerance in mangrove trees. To isolate anti-salt stress genes from mangrove plants, a cDNA library of R. stylosa roots was constructed and screened for stress-related genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH). The mangrove seedlings were grown for 8 months under two conditions: exposure to water with 3% salt and exposure to fresh water. cDNA of seedlings exposed to water with 3% salt was used as a tester and cDNA for freshwater germination was used as a driver. We isolated and sequenced 240 up-regulated expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the SSH library. Among these up-regulated ESTs, 48 unique clones were putatively identified and classified into ten functional categories, such as cell rescue and defense, secondary metabolism, protein synthesis, and metabolism. Fifteen genes from different categories were selected and their expression was studied by real-time RT-PCR. Significantly increased expression levels were confirmed for 13 of these 15 transcripts, which suggest that these genes contribute to the salt tolerance of this plant. Among them, two transcription factors and several genes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis were identified from mangrove trees as salt tolerance genes for the first time. The physiological significance of the increased expression of these genes in the long-term adaptation of mangrove trees to salt stress is discussed.

Mushrooms live wild in nature and widely used by the community as food and medicinal. Mushroom cultivation is a way to meet the growing demand for mushroom consumption. Oyster mushroom can grow in medium containing lignin and nutrients needed for the growth of mushrooms. The purpose of the study was to measure the effect of mixture corncob with sawdust as planting media for growth and productivity of white oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus) and get the best planting media composition for growth and productivity of white oyster mushroom. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and five replications. Corncob are added as much 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The results showed that the best composition of growing media for the growth and productivity of white oyster mushroom is the addition of 30% corncob. Mixed corncob 30% have lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose levels more optimal for growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms.

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Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated in a medium derived from wood dust or lignin which has been weathered and wrapped in plastic. The purpose of this research is to measure the effect of the composition of rice straw mixture on white oyster mushroom growing media on the growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus) and get the best composition of planting media for growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus). The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design consisting of six treatments. The treatment used is the composition of the planting media with a mixture of rice straw 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results showed that the mixture of rice straw resulted in mycelium growth and the age of harvest began to be longer. The composition of the best growing media for growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms is a mixture of 30% rice straw (300-gram rice straw + sawdust 550 grams).