Keywords: Branched chain amino acid; protein; leucine; isoleucine; valine * BCAA -branched chain amino acids; CPcrude protein; Leu -leucine; Ileisoleucine; Valvaline 1 Brestenský et al., (2013), 2 NRC (2012), 3 Gottlob et al., (2012)Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) -leucine, isoleucine and valine are essential amino acids which are metabolized directly in muscles and offer energy fuel to performance of the work. There is lot of evidences supporting the positive effect of BCAA supplementation on muscle growth. The main importance is attached particularly to leucine. There was observed that leucine supplementation increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscles after resistance exercise in young people and in elderly people suffered by sarcopenia as well. There is not exactly clear, what is the reason for the positive effect of BCAA to increase protein synthesis in muscles. Besides the positive effect of BCAA on muscle growth, there was observed their positive effect against fatigue and on a production of endogenous glucose, which is necessary to maintain the glucose balance in body during adaptation to stress. The minimum and maximum dose of BCAA is not established, but the daily recommended amount of leucine : isoleucine : valine is in a ratio 40:20:20 mg.kg body weight -1 . It is recommended to use the mixture of BCAA rather than leucine individual, because of depletion other BCAA in body. There was observed no toxicity of BCAA even at high doses. The present review describes the metabolism of action and effect of BCAA on protein synthesis and physiological functions in human. ARTICLE INFO
La présente étude vise à identifier les sources de contamination du poisson Chinchard (Trachurus trachurus) au cours du processus de fumage traditionnel. Méthodologie et Résultats: Cette étude a été réalisée à partir d'une enquête semi-structurée, couplée à un échantillonnage tout au long du processus de fumage et suivi d'analyses microbiologiques. Les Germes Aérobies Mésophiles, les Coliformes totaux et thermotolérants, les Anaérobies Sulfito-Réducteurs, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, les Levures et Moisissures et Salmonella spp. sont les principaux microorganismes qui sont recherchés dans les échantillons de poissons analysés. Les résultats de l'enquête ont révélé des insuffisances au niveau des règles d'hygiène lors de la manipulation des poissons par les transformatrices. Les charges microbiennes obtenues par étape étaient significativement différentes, avec une contamination plus élevée après le fumage et la mise en vente. La qualité microbiologique de la plupart des poissons analysés n'était pas satisfaisante. La présence des levures et moisissures (76,7%) d'Anaérobies Sulfito-Réducteurs (56,7%), de coliformes fécaux (33,3%) et d'Escherichia coli (26,7%) a été notées dans les échantillons. Par contre, les échantillons analysés n'ont pas été contaminés par les bactéries potentiellement pathogènes telles que les Salmonella spp. et Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion et application: Une attention particulière visant essentiellement la réduction de la contamination microbienne des poissons doit être accordée à cette filière. L'application rigoureuse des règles d'hygiène tout au long du processus de fumage et de la mise en vente réduiraient de façon significative la flore de contamination des poissons en augmentant leur durée de conservation. Mots clés: Chinchard, fumage, qualité microbiologique, Bénin. Evaluation of the microbiological quality of mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) during the traditional smoking process ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aims to identify the sources of contamination of fish mackerel throughout the traditional smoking process.
Kpatinvoh et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2017 Efficacité des huiles essentielles de trois plantes aromatiques contre la mycoflore d'altération du niébé collecté dans les magasins de vente du Sud-Bénin 10680Journal of Applied Biosciences 109: 10680-10687 ISSN 1997-5902 Efficacité des huiles essentielles de trois plantes aromatiques contre la mycoflore d'altération du niébé (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp) collecté dans les magasins de vente du Sud-Bénin ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (L.), Cymbopogon nardus (L.), and Eucalyptus saligna (S.), on isolated fungi of cowpea collected from a few retail store in southern Benin. Methodology and Results: Sampling was carried out in a few large cowpea retail store located in the markets of Dantokpa (Cotonou) and Ouando (Porto-Novo), followed by research and isolation of the alteration mycoflora. Antifungal tests were carried out with various essential oils in other to assess their antimicrobial potential. Kpatinvoh et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2017 Efficacité des huiles essentielles de trois plantes aromatiques contre la mycoflore d'altération du niébé collecté dans les magasins de vente du Sud-Bénin 10681Results obtained, indicated that the microbial strains isolated from the cowpea samples are essentially Aspergillus flavus (L.), Aspergillus tamarii (K.) and Penicillium roqueforti (T.). Antimicrobial tests have demonstrated that essential oils have high antimicrobial activities against fungal flora contaminating cowpea with minimal inhibition concentrations depend on fungi and the dose of essential oil tested. The highest antifungal activities were obtained with essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (L.) and Cymbopogon nardus (L.) with MIC ranged from 0.05 to 1µl/ml. Conclusion: The antifungal potential of these plants therefore offers an innovative approach in the management of cowpea stocks in southern Benin.
The microbiological and nutritional characterization of locust bean pulp powder (Parkia biglobosa) was investigated. Bacteria and fungi were isolated from this product. The bacteria isolated were essentially fecal coliforms. The fungal isolates were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium digitatum. The mean total plate count of samples was 2.8 × 10 3 cfu/g, while the mean coliform total count was lower than 10 cfu/g and the mean fungal count was 1.9 × 10 3 cfu/g. The respective mean moisture content and total acidity in locust bean pulp powder were 24.16 ± 2.45 and 2.10 ± 0.95%. Nutritional analysis showed that locust bean pulp powder has interesting nutritional potential. Carbohydrate content (6.28 ± 0.67%), protein content (4.129 ± 0.328%), carotenoid content (0.154 ± 0.03%) and the presence of minerals such as calcium (0.166 ± 0.005%), sodium (0.228 ± 0.006%), potassium (1.60 ± 0.071%) and magnesium (0.144 ± 0.002%) allowed its application as supplement in infant feeding in rural areas. Anti-nutritional factors such as oxalate and phytate were detected in samples, and values were lower than established toxic level. Finally, more attention should be made to its microbial quality in order to preserve children's health.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of essential oil from fresh leaves of Sweet Fennel (Ocimum gratissimum) on mycoflora and Aspergillus section Flavi populations in stored peanuts. Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucor spp. were the most common genera identified from peanuts at post-harvest in Benin by using a taxonomic schemes primarily based on morphological characters of mycelium and conidia. The isolated fungi include Aspergillus niger, A. parasiticus, A. flavus, A. ochraceus, Fusarium graminearum, F. solani, F. oxysporum and Mucor spp. The most prevalent fungi recorded were A. niger (94.18 %), A. flavus (83.72 %), A. parasiticus (77.90 %), A. ochraceus (72.09 %), F. graminearum (59.30 %) and F. oxysporum (51.16 %). Antifungal assay, performed by the agar medium assay, indicated that essential oil exhibited high antifungal activity against the growth of A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus and F. oxysporium. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil was found to be 7.5 μl/ml for A. flavus and A. parasiticus and 5.5 μl/ml for A. ochraceus and F. oxysporium. The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) was recorded to be 8.0 μl/ml for A. flavus and A. parasiticus, 6,5 μl/ml for A. ochraceus and 6.0 μl/ml for F. oxysporium. The essential oil was found to be strongly fungicidal and inhibitory to aflatoxin production. Chemical analysis by GC/MS of the components of the oil led to the identification of 31 components characterized by myrcene (6.4 %), α-thujene (8.2 %), p-cymene (17.6 %), γ-terpinene (20.0 %), and thymol (26.9 %) as major components. The essential oil of Sweet Fennel, with fungal growth and mycotoxin inhibitory properties, offers a novel approach to the management of storage, thus opening up the possibility to prevent mold contamination in stored peanuts.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.