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The present study aims to show the importance of patents as an instrument of technological innovation and to assess the relevance of technology of PEMFC in Brazil by means of the technological monitoring methodology from 1996 to 2005. This study used different Industrial Property Databases (INPI-BR, ESPACENET and DWPI), in order to retrieve the BR applications in each database. Relevant keywords as “fuel cell” were used in combination with specific IPC (H01M8) in order to assess the main applicants, countries, IPCs and technological innovation over time. In Brazil, the country holding more requests in this area is the United States (US) with 53,7% of the patent applications, while Brazil (BR) accounts for 4,4% of the total requests. It was also observed that the North-American company, UTC Fuel Cells comes on top of the list and that there were no patent applications of Brazilian origin (BR) in other countries

Population aging and the consequent change in the profile of the age pyramid are already a reality the world over. One undeniable effect of this aging process is the significant increase in the number of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common form of dementia, accounting for around 50%-60% of all cases. AD tends to affect people in their 60 s, becoming progressively more commonplace in older age groups. It is an incurable disease, and patients can live for many years taking medication on a daily basis. This study shows that research into AD is on the rise around the world because the pharmaceutical industry and research institutions are seeking new types of drugs to treat and even cure Alzheimer's patients. By analyzing patent documents, we map out the potential future treatments for this disease, indicating the leading countries and drugs companies that have invested most in a bid to accelerate progress towards new discoveries about the disease and the development of new drugs.

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A oxidação eletroquímica da dopamina leva à deposição de filmes poliméricos sobre a superfície de eletrodos sólidos, diminuindo a atividade dos mesmos. No eletrodo de mercúrio o processo redox ocorre na região de potencial de oxidação do mercúrio. No entanto, na presença de compostos carboxílicos o voltamograma cíclico da dopamina, no eletrodo de mercúrio, é diferenciado e apresenta um novo produto eletroativo proveniente do processo de oxidação da dopamina. O presente trabalho descreve resultados preliminares sobre o comportamento eletroquímico da dopamina no eletrodo de mercúrio na presença de acetato, citrato e EDTA.The electrochemical oxidation of dopamine leads to deposition of polymeric films on the surfaces of solid state electrodes, decreasing the electrode activity. With a mercury electrode, the oxidation of dopamine occurs in the potential region of mercury oxidation. However, in the presence of carboxylic compounds the cyclic voltammogram of dopamine is different and presents a new electroactive product resulting from the oxidation of dopamine. This work describes preliminary results for the electrochemical behavior of dopamine at the Hg-electrode in the presence of acetate, citrate and EDTA. Keywords: dopamine, electrochemical behavior, carboxylate compounds, mercury electrode IntroductionOver the last 50 years a considerable number of reports about the electrochemical behavior of catecholamines and other biogenic amines has been described in the literature. [1][2][3] Interest in the redox behavior of catecholamines is related to the fact that some of these compounds are directly involved in neurotransmition processes. Several neurological disorders, in particular Parkinson's disease, are associated with improper catecholamine (dopamine) regulation. 4 New research on the pathology and treatment of these diseases requires the development of new analytical methods for dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) determination. Dopamine (DA) is an unstable phenolic compound, which undergoes oxidation in neutral or alkaline solutions in the presence of oxygen, with the formation of dopaminochrome and other polymeric compounds. [5][6][7] Several methods have been reported for the determination of dopamine, including spectrophotometry, 8 spectrofluorimetry, 9 radioimmunoassay 10 and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 11 In spite of the electrochemical activity of dopamine, electrochemical methods, due to their high sensitivity, are of special interest in the quantification of DA. 12 However, the electrochemical determination of phenolic compounds presents some problems due to the loss of electrode activity of some solid state electrodes, like platinum, glassy carbon and pyrolytic graphite, during the oxidation process. This electrode inactivation may be explained by the accumulation of reaction products, forming electro-polymerized films on the surface of the electrode. In order to reduce the phenomenon of electrode poisoning, modified electrodes for catecholamine determinat...