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Water‐soluble polymers containing carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, and sulfonic acid groups were investigated as polychelatogens under different experimental conditions. The maximum retention capacity (MRC) of these polymers was determined at different pH and polymer–metal ion ratios. The metal ions investigated were: Ag(I), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cr(III). The MRC values of the divalent metal ions were found to be very similar and higher than those of the trivalent cations, and there was an important effect of the pH on the MRC. This indicates that the polymer–metal ion interactions were dominated by electrostatic forces. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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ABSTRACT:The water-soluble polymers poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) and poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) were investigated with respect to their metal-ion-binding ability with ultrafiltration. The studied metal ions included Ag(I), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Al(III), and Cr(III) ions. The retention properties of the polyelectrolytes for the metal ions depended strongly on the ligand type. As for the carboxylate ligands, with increasing concentration and pH, the metal-binding affinity increased.

The oxidative electropolymerization of the (3-pyrrol-1-ylpropyl)malonic acid monomer 1 is a simple and reproducible one-step procedure for the synthesis of complexing polymer film modified electrodes, which have been applied to the electroanalysis of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions by preconcentration upon complexation, followed by anodic stripping analysis. The detection limits were determined from square-wave voltammetry at 0.5 nM, 5 nM, 50 nM and 0.2 mM for Pb(II), Cu(II), Hg(II) and Cd(II), respectively, after 10 min preconcentration. The modified electrodes showed a better selectivity toward copper(II) ions. Analysis of copper in a tap water sample agreed well with ICPMS analysis results.

Water‐soluble polymers have attracted much interest due to their potential applications in environmental protection engineering to remove harmful pollutants and in biomedicine in the areas of tissue engineering, within‐body implants or other medical devices, artificial organ prostheses, ophthalmology, dentistry, bone repair, and so on. In this review, particular emphasis is given to the ability of water‐soluble polymers with amine, amide, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl and sulfonic acid functional groups to remove metal ions by means of the liquid‐phase polymer‐based retention (LPR) technique that combines the use of water‐soluble polymers and ultrafiltration membranes. The second part is dedicated to showing the potential application of functional water‐soluble polymers and their polymer–metal complexes as biocides for various bacteria. These polymers and polymer–metal complexes show an efficient bactericide activity, especially to Gram‐negative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus reaching concentrations lower than 4 µg mL−1. This activity depends on polymer size, type of metal ion, contact time and concentration of polymer and metal ion. The discussion reveals that in the case of the LPR process the efficiency of metal ion removal depends strongly on the type of polymer functional group and the feed pH value. In general, two mechanisms of ion entrapment are suggested: complex formation and electrostatic interaction. In the case of the medical use of water‐soluble polymers and their complexes with metal ions, the review documents the unique bactericide properties of the investigated species. The polymer‐metal ion complexes show a reduced genotoxic activity compared with free metal ions. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry