Voltammetric Sensing of Trace Metals at a Poly(pyrrole‐malonic acid) Film Modified Carbon Electrode

Abstract

The oxidative electropolymerization of the (3-pyrrol-1-ylpropyl)malonic acid monomer 1 is a simple and reproducible one-step procedure for the synthesis of complexing polymer film modified electrodes, which have been applied to the electroanalysis of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions by preconcentration upon complexation, followed by anodic stripping analysis. The detection limits were determined from square-wave voltammetry at 0.5 nM, 5 nM, 50 nM and 0.2 mM for Pb(II), Cu(II), Hg(II) and Cd(II), respectively, after 10 min preconcentration. The modified electrodes showed a better selectivity toward copper(II) ions. Analysis of copper in a tap water sample agreed well with ICPMS analysis results.

Detection of Cd, Pb, and Cu in non-pretreated natural waters and urine with thiol functionalized mesoporous silica and Nafion composite electrodes

“…Until the SH-SAMMS ™ -Nafion sensors, this low concentration range of metal ions in un-pretreated natural waters has been extremely difficult to detect using mercury-free electrodes. Although others have reported the detection limits of Cd, Pb, and Cu to be in low ppb levels at either mercury based electrodes or mercury-free electrodes, the values were based on 3S/N and were measured in metal spiked buffered solutions rather than in real samples [40][41][42][43]. Simultaneous detection of Cd, Pb, and Cu in 0.01 M CH 3 COONa after 3 minutes of preconcentration in a very low concentration range (0 to 10 ppb), relevant to trace level assay of the metal ions was also demonstrated in Figure 6.…”

Bismuth/Polyaniline/Glassy Carbon Electrodes Prepared with Different Protocols for Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Trace Cd and Pb in Solutions Having Surfactants

“…Contamination of water by trace toxic and heavy metals represents a major current environmental problem, which results in an ever-increasing demand for the detection and determination of metal contaminants [1]. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) is a widely used analytical technique for detection of trace heavy metals at low cost.…”

Trace determination of cadmium in water using anodic stripping voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode modified with coconut shell powder

“…But, due to different issues related to its harmful effects and disposal, it is strongly recommended to replace mercury with another electrode material. Recently, modified carbon paste electrodes can be a better substitute of mercury-based electrodes due to its simplicity of preparation, the versatility of chemical modification, rapid renewal of the electrode surface, and sensitivity equivalent to that of mercury-based electrodes (Roa et al 2003;Sar et al 2008;Heitzmann et al 2005;Lu et al 2011;Li et al 2009a, b;Bagheri et al 2012). Thus, modified carbon paste electrodes (MCPEs) and related sensors using different types of modifiers (chemicals, enzymes, and extracts) have been developed (Chow and Gooding 2006;Heitzmann et al 2005;Ensafi et al 2010;Portaccio et al 2010).…”