Background. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart), a Brazilian fruit, is considered a "superfruit" due its energetic properties and bioactive compounds. The açai's anti-inflammatory effects could attenuate the undesirable metabolic and pro-inflammatory side effects triggered by some antipsychotic drugs, such as Olanzapine (OLZ). It is possible to infer that açai supplement could potentially minimize the adverse effects of OLZ. Aim. This study tested the potential in vitro effects of açai hydroalcoholic extract on the inflammatory activation of the RAW 264.7 macrophage line triggered by OLZ antipsychotic drugs. Materials and methods. An in vitro protocol was performed using commercial RAW 264.7 macrophages, cultured under sterile conditions at 37°C with 5% CO 2 saturation. Initially, a pharmacological curve was defined to determine the concentration of Olanzapine to be used. After this, the cells were supplemented with different concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of açaí, which had been previously chemically characterized.
Pythiosis is a severe disease caused by Pythium insidiosum. Currently, the research on the treatment of pythiosis uses rabbits as an experimental infection model. To reduce the use of animals in scientific experimentation, alternative models are increasingly necessary options. The objective of this study was to establish a new experimental infection model for pythiosis using embryonated chicken eggs. First, we tested the inoculation of 4 zoospore concentrations into the egg allantoic cavity at 3 embryonic days. We observed that increased zoospore concentration causes a decrease in survival time, and at a later embryonic day (the 14th) of infection, embryos showed delayed mortality. To confirm the reproducibility of the model, we chose the 14th embryonic day for the inoculation of 50 zoospores/egg, and the experiment was repeated twice. Mortality began with 30% embryos 48 hours after inoculation, and 95% embryos died within 72 hours. There was no mortality in the uninfected control group. The infection was confirmed by culture, PCR and histopathology. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of hyphae in blood vessels in the umbilical cords in 95% of embryos and only 1 liver (5%). Our results suggest that embryonated eggs can be a very useful alternative infection model to study pythiosis.
Objetivo: Analizar las variables obstétricas asociadas con el nacimiento de bebés prematuros moderados y tardíos en una ciudad de la región sur de Brasil. Método: Estudio transversal que analizó las variables obstétricas de 151 recién nacidos prematuros moderados y tardíos desde mayo de 2016 hasta mayo de 2017 que residen en Santa Maria/RS. Los datos fueron recolectados, por medio de un instrumento específico, diariamente, y posteriormente analizados de manera descriptiva y por comparación de frecuencia y correlación. Resultados: La gemelaridad (14,6%) fue la característica más frecuente entre los tardíos, en comparación con el grupo de moderados (p = 0,019). Los otros factores no mostraron diferencias significativas. El mayor número de partos prematuros anteriores tiene una correlación significativa con la menor edad gestacional al nacer (IC = -0.522, p = 0.008). Conclusión: Para los dos grupos de recién nacidos prematuros estudiados, los motivos no mostraron ninguna diferencia significativa, lo que sugiere homogeneidad con respecto a los motivos obstétricos para el parto prematuro. Objective: To analyze obstetric variables associated with the birth of moderate and late premature babies in a city in the southern region of Brazil.Method: Cross-sectional study that analyzed the obstetric variables of 151 moderate and late preterm infants from May 2016 to May 2017 resident in Santa Maria/RS. Data were collected by means of their own instrument daily, and subsequently analyzed descriptively and by comparison of frequency and correlation. Results: Twinning (14.6%) was the most frequent feature among late twins when compared to the moderate group (p = 0.019). The other factors showed no significant difference. The higher number of previous premature births has a significant correlation with the lower gestational age at birth (CI = -0.522, p = 0.008). Conclusion: For the two groups of premature infants studied, the reasons did not present significant difference, which suggests homogeneity regarding the obstetric reasons for early birth. Objetivo: Analisar variáveis obstétricas associadas ao nascimento de bebês prematuros moderados e tardios em um município da região sul do Brasil.Método: Estudo transversal que analisou as variáveis obstétricas de 151 neonatos prematuros moderados e tardios no período de maio de 2016 a maio de 2017 residentes em Santa Maria/RS. Os dados foram coletados, por meio de instrumento próprio, diariamente, e posteriormente analisados de forma descritiva e por comparação de frequência e correlação. Resultados: A gemelaridade (14,6%) foi a característica mais frequente entre os tardios, quando comparados ao grupo de moderados (p=0,019). Os demais fatores não apresentaram diferença significativa. O maior número de partos prematuros anteriores possui correlação significativa com a menor idade gestacional ao nascer (IC= -0,522, p=0,008). Conclusão: Para os dois grupos de prematuros estudados, os motivos não apresentaram diferença significativa, o que sugere homogeneidade quanto aos motivos obstétricos de nascimento precoce.
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