Key words:Vitamin D. Teen health. School health. Palabras clave:Vitamina D. Salud adolescente. Salud escolar. ResumenIntroducción: la hipovitaminosis D es un problema frecuente en el mundo y puede verse influenciada por varios factores. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D y factores asociados en adolescentes de una ciudad capital del noreste de Brasil. Métodos: estudio epidemiológico transversal que evaluó a 220 adolescentes de ambos sexos de 15 a 19 años de edad. Se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar los datos sociodemográficos y de comportamiento. El estado nutricional antropométrico fue evaluado por IMC para la edad. Las concentraciones séricas de 25 (OH) D, PTH y calcio en suero se midieron mediante muestras de sangre. Se identificaron individuos con hipovitaminosis D como aquellos con 25 (OH) D < 30 ng/dl. El análisis de factores asociados con la hipovitaminosis D se realizó mediante Regresión de Poisson simple y multivariante. Resultados: la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D fue del 57,3%. La población femenina tenía una prevalencia significativamente mayor que la masculina. En el modelo ajustado final, la variable independientemente asociada con la hipovitaminosis D en las mujeres fue la más baja de las concentraciones séricas de calcio, y para los hombres fue el IMC, en el que los adolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad tenían 2,4 veces más probabilidades de tener hipovitaminosis que los eutróficos. Conclusiones: el presente estudio encontró una alta prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en la población analizada, especialmente en adolescentes. Además, se encontró que los factores asociados de forma independiente con la hipovitaminosis D fueron el sobrepeso/obesidad en los niños y concentraciones bajas de calcio en las niñas. AbstractBackground: Hypovitaminosis D is a frequent problem in the world and can be influenced by several factors. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and associated factors in adolescent students of a capital city of northeastern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study assessing 220 school adolescents of both sexes aged 15 to 19 years. A questionnaire was applied to assess sociodemographic (skin color, mother's education and receiving social benefits) and behavioral data (number of hours of sleep per day, sun exposure, physical activity and dietary vitamin D intake). Anthropometric nutritional status was assessed by BMI (body mass index) for age. Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations, PTH and serum calcium were measured by blood samples. We identified individuals with hypovitaminosis D as those with 25 (OH) D < 30 ng/dL. The analysis of factors associated with hypovitaminosis D was performed by simple and multivariate Poisson Regression. Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 57.3%. The female population had a significantly higher prevalence than the male. In the final adjusted model, the variable independently associated with hypovitaminosis D in females was the lowest serum calcium concentrations, and for males it was BMI, in whic...

Objetivo: identificar la ingestión alimentaria de macro y micronutrientes en adolescentes viviendo con VIH/sida que usan terapia anti-retroviral y compararlos a las Dietary Reference Intakes. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado con adolescentes de ambos sexos con VIH/sida, en el que se evaluó la composición dietética de macro y micronutrientes a través del recordatorio alimentario de 24h. Resultados: 39 adolescentes con una edad promedio de 15 años, un 51,3% del sexo masculino. Los participantes consumieron menos calorías totales en la dieta, fibra total (g/d), vitaminas liposolubles (A, D, E, K), vitamina B5 (mg/d), vitamina B9 (mg/d), vitamina C (mg/d), calcio (mg/d), fósforo (mg/d), potasio (mg/d) y magnesio (mg/d) que lo recomendado. Los porcentajes de ingestión por debajo de lo recomendado representaron el 79,5% para las calorías, el 82,1% para la fibra total, el 89,7% para la vitamina A, el 100% para la vitamina D, el 87,2% para la vitamina E, el 100% para la vitamina K, el 71,8% para la vitamina B5, el 82,1% para la vitamina B9, el 76,9% para la vitamina C, el 92,3% para el calcio, el 61,5% para el fósforo, el 97,4% para el potasio y el 76,9% para el magnesio. Los participantes consumían más carbohidratos (g), proteínas (g), vitaminas B2 (mg/d), B3 (mg/d), B8 (mg/d) y sodio (g/d) de lo recomendado, representando porcentajes por encima de la ingestión del 92,3% para los hidratos de carbono, del 64,1% para las proteínas y la vitamina B2, del 56,4% para la vitamina B3, del 82,1% para la vitamina B8 y del 59% para el sodio. Los demás nutrientes estaban dentro de lo recomendado por las DRIs. Conclusión: el consumo alimentario fue inadecuado en comparación con lo recomendado por las Directrices Internacionales de Nutrición.The most significant deficiencies in macro and micro nutrients in adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in antiretroviral therapy Las deficiencias más significativas de macro y micro nutrientes en adolescentes que viven con el VIH/sida en terapia anti-retroviral

Objective To develop and validate the content of an instrument for assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods The development and validation of the instrument were conducted in five stages, for which two systematic reviews were conducted. The first one, for the identification of questionnaires assessing the motivation for weight loss, included six studies and contributed to the selection of the domains for the instrument. The second one, conducted to identify the motivations for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and/or obesity, included six studies and contributed to the selection of 17 motivations included in the initial version of the instrument. The motivations most commonly identified were: having better health, improving my appearance, improving my self-esteem and avoiding bullying. The content validity was confirmed by a committee of 12 experts from the areas of nutrition, endocrinology, psychology, and physical education. Based on these evaluations, the content validity index was calculated. Only the items with a content validity index >0.80 for practical relevance were held in the instrument. Results Five of the 17 motivations included in the initial version of the instrument were excluded because they had content validity index <0.80 for practical relevance. Of the 12 items held in the instrument, five were revised by experts in order to standardize wording and make the language more appropriate for adolescents. Experts categorized the items into the health, personal satisfaction, appearance and social domains. Conclusions This is the first instrument assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity in Brazil. The content validity evaluation by the panel of experts provided more practical relevance, as well as contributed to a better presentation of the items. Further psychometric testing is needed to determine reliability and construct validity of the instrument.

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A B S T R A C T ObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptos gene BsmI polymorphism in the blood profile of community-dwelling older adults. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 142 older males and females. A questionnaire collected socio demographic information, medical history, and factors associated with sun exposure. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Biological material was collected to analyze biochemical parameters 25-hydroxy vitamin D, parathormone, serum calcium, urea, creatinine, liver enzymes, and blood profile) and to verify the presence of the vitamin D receptos gene BsmI polymorphism. ResultsMost participants were female (80.3%). The mean levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were 32.1±7.3 ng/dL, 13.5±1.5 d/dL, and 40.0±4.4%, respectively. Fifty-eight (40.8%) participants had vitamin

Associations between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome (MS) have been reported; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of CYP2R1 and VDR variants with MS and MS components in non-diabetic Brazilian adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 174 adolescents who were classified as overweight/obese. Three CYP2R1 variants and four VDR variants were identified by allelic discrimination. The CYP2R1 polymorphisms, rs12794714 (GG genotype) (odds ratio [OR] = 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24–10.14, p = 0.023) and rs10741657 (recessive model—GG genotype) (OR = 3.90, 95%CI = 1.18–12.92, p = 0.026) were significantly associated with an increased risk of MS and hyperglycemia, respectively. The AG + GG genotype (dominant model) of the rs2060793 CYP2R1 polymorphism was associated with hyperglycemia protection (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.08–0.92, p = 0.037). Furthermore, the CC genotype (recessive model) of the rs7975232 VDR polymorphism was significantly associated with a risk of hypertension (OR = 5.91, 95%CI = 1.91–18.32, p = 0.002). In conclusion, the CYP2R1 rs12794714 polymorphism could be considered a possible new molecular marker for predicting the risk of MS; CYP2R1 rs10741657 polymorphism and VDR rs7975232 polymorphism are associated with an increased risk of diabetes and hypertension in adolescents with overweight/obesity.

Objetivo: identificar la ingestión alimentaria de macro y micronutrientes en adolescentes viviendo con VIH/sida que usan terapia anti-retroviral y compararlos a las Dietary Reference Intakes. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado con adolescentes de ambos sexos con VIH/sida, en el que se evaluó la composición dietética de macro y micronutrientes a través del recordatorio alimentario de 24h. Resultados: 39 adolescentes con una edad promedio de 15 años, un 51,3% del sexo masculino. Los participantes consumieron menos calorías totales en la dieta, fibra total (g/d), vitaminas liposolubles (A, D, E, K), vitamina B5 (mg/d), vitamina B9 (mg/d), vitamina C (mg/d), calcio (mg/d), fósforo (mg/d), potasio (mg/d) y magnesio (mg/d) que lo recomendado. Los porcentajes de ingestión por debajo de lo recomendado representaron el 79,5% para las calorías, el 82,1% para la fibra total, el 89,7% para la vitamina A, el 100% para la vitamina D, el 87,2% para la vitamina E, el 100% para la vitamina K, el 71,8% para la vitamina B5, el 82,1% para la vitamina B9, el 76,9% para la vitamina C, el 92,3% para el calcio, el 61,5% para el fósforo, el 97,4% para el potasio y el 76,9% para el magnesio. Los participantes consumían más carbohidratos (g), proteínas (g), vitaminas B2 (mg/d), B3 (mg/d), B8 (mg/d) y sodio (g/d) de lo recomendado, representando porcentajes por encima de la ingestión del 92,3% para los hidratos de carbono, del 64,1% para las proteínas y la vitamina B2, del 56,4% para la vitamina B3, del 82,1% para la vitamina B8 y del 59% para el sodio. Los demás nutrientes estaban dentro de lo recomendado por las DRIs. Conclusión: el consumo alimentario fue inadecuado en comparación con lo recomendado por las Directrices Internacionales de Nutrición. The most significant deficiencies in macro and micro nutrients in adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in antiretroviral therapy Las deficiencias más significativas de macro y micro nutrientes en adolescentes que viven con el VIH/sida en terapia anti-retroviral

Background: Alanine aminotransferase is a marker present in cases of liver damage, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Objective: To identify the relationship between serum alanine aminotransferase values and cardiovascular risk markers in overweight adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, were recruited 120 overweight adolescents aged 10-19 years. Height, weight and waist circumference were evaluated and used to calculate the body mass index. Taper index and arterial pressure were measured. Biomarkers lipid and glycemic profiles, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase values were measured and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Fisher's exact test. Results: Boys showed significantly increased values of alanine aminotransferase (p <0.050), aspartate aminotransferase (p <0.010) and taper index (p <0.010), while girls had higher levels of fasting insulin (p <0.010). In boys, alanine aminotransferase was positively correlated with fasting insulin (p <0.050), triglycerides (p <0.050) and systolic blood pressure (p <0.050), whereas in girls, alanine aminotransferase was correlated with waist circumference (p <0.050), taper index (p <0.050), mass index body (p <0.010), fasting insulin levels (p <0.010), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p <0.010) and high-density lipoprotein (p <0.010). Conclusion: Important correlations were identified between serum alanine aminotransferase values and cardiovascular risk markers in overweight adolescents.