OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de exercícios sobre a força de preensão manual (FPM) em idosas com baixa massa óssea. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Trinta e seis idosas foram randomizadas em: grupo intervenção - GI (n = 18) e grupo controle - GC (n = 18), avaliadas pelo teste de FPM, utilizando-se um dinamômetro de mão. O GI realizou exercícios de força muscular, equilíbrio e mobilidade funcional. O GC realizou alongamentos. Ambos os grupos realizaram duas sessões semanais de 50 minutos, durante quatro meses. RESULTADOS: O GI apresentou aumento da FPM em 31,38% (p = 0,00). O GC não mostrou diferença. Houve correlações entre a FPM e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) do colo do fêmur (r = 0,582, p = 0,003) e do fêmur total (r = 0,485, p = 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem uma tendência ao incremento da FPM de idosas e mostraram correlações significantes entre a FPM e a DMO.

Purpose: to evaluate the reliability of the maximum phonation time (MPT) and Vital Capacity intra and inter-examiner, by means of the single-breath counting test (CT) and the sustained /a/ phoneme, and the slow vital capacity (SVC). Methods: a reliability study carried out in three groups of healthy individuals, each group with 30 volunteers, allocated according to age. SVC was measured using a spirometer, while the MPT was assessed by the phoneme /a/ and CT. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Initially, descriptive statistics were used and for data reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were considered excellent, with significant results above 0.92 for SVC and greater than 0.79 for CT and phoneme /a/. Regarding the inter-examiner evaluation, the ICCs were also significant for both SVC with values greater than 0.96, and for CT and the phoneme /a/ with values greater than 0.85. The error inherent in the technique was assessed using the standard error of the measurement for intra and inter-examiner analyses with values ranging from 1.79 to 3.29 for phoneme /a/, 3.20 to 6.58 for CT and 65, 05 to 206.73 for SVCml. Conclusion: phonation techniques with the phoneme /a/ and CT, as well as SVC, have an excellent reliability, due to intra and inter-examiner agreement measures.

IntroductionExercise‐induced bronchospasm (EIB) is common in young asthmatics and obesity is becoming an epidemic in this population. Both conditions can give rise to or worsen respiratory symptoms upon exercise and may interfere with recreational and sports activities.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between obesity and the risk and severity of EIB in asthmatic children and adolescents.MethodsThis study included data from asthmatic patients aged between 7 and 19 years undergoing treadmill running tests to evaluate EIB, defined as a reduction greater than or equal to 10% in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) compared to baseline. Eutrophic, obese, and overweight individuals were categorized according to body mass index z‐score (eutrophic, −0.5 < z ≤ 1; overweight, 1 < z < 2; and obese, z ≥ 2).ResultsOf the 156 individuals studied (42% female), 58% were eutrophic, 22% overweight, and 19% obese. Seventy‐three individuals (47%) presented with EIB, with higher risk among obese (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.00‐8.14; P = .05). Asthma severity was another independent risk factor for EIB (OR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.36‐6.42; P = .006). The number of patients in whom FEV1 returned to baseline values (difference less than 10% from baseline) at the 13th minute after challenge was lower in obese individuals compared to eutrophic and overweight ones (P = .04). Baseline FEV1, gender, or age were not found to be risk factors for EIB in any of the groups.ConclusionObese youngsters with asthma present a greater risk for EIB with slower recovery than their nonobese peers. Clinicians should be aware of this association, especially in those with more severe disease, for adequate recognition and treatment.

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Background Some antiretrovirals (ARVs) cause muscle toxicity and their use has been attributed to beginning of respiratory and peripheral muscle weakness in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on treatment. Dolutegravir (DTG) has been adopted by Brazil as a first-line regimen with Tenofovir/Lamivudine (TDF/3TC) since 2017, with low toxicity profile. Due to the short use of this regimen, we have not found data in the literature regarding its effects in the respiratory and peripheral muscles in PLWHA. The aim of this study was to compare respiratory and peripheral muscle strength before and after start of this new combined ART (TDF/3TC/DTG).Methods Descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study, observational and analytical with 41 PLWHA evaluated before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (T0) which of these, 28 were reevaluated after more than 50 days of treatment (T1).The assessments of maximum functional capacity (six-minute walk test distance), maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures and handgrip strength (HGS) were performed using standardized methods. In addition, laboratory data (CD4, CD4/CD8 ratio and viral load-VL) were collected. Shapiro-Wilk test was applied for normality while Fisher's exact test and t-test or Wilcoxon test were used for comparisons of categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Pearson or Spearman correlations were used according to data normality and p-value < 0.05 were considered significant for all analyzes.Results The frequency of peripheral muscle weakness in patients evaluated at T0 was 97.6%, while 31.7% had inspiratory and / or expiratory muscle weakness. HGS was positively correlated with CD4 (p = 0.027) and negatively correlated with VL (p = 0.046). Both MIP (p = 0.0176) and HGS (p = 0.0018) showed improvement in T1.Conclusion ART combined with TDF / 3TC / DTG increased MIP and HGS after more than 50 days of treatment. Cohort studies are needed to better understand the action of these medications on PLWHA musculature under treatment.