As práticas alimentares humanas sofrem influência de aspectos econômicos, sociais, psicológicos e de tradições culturais, tendo papel significativo na nutrição. Objetivou-se conhecer as práticas alimentares tradicionais para o uso de plantas silvestres; analisar as relações entre as práticas de manejo e a exploração das espécies alimentícias; verificar a similaridade do conhecimento e uso das plantas alimentícias entre os municípios e entre as comunidades e, verificar se os informantes diferem plantas de uso emergencial das de uso não emergencial em comunidades dos municípios de Buriti dos Montes e Cocal, Piauí, Brasil. Realizou-se 93 entrevistas com formulários semiestruturados \Ce registro gráfico e/ou fotográfico da execução de 104 práticas alimentares tradicionais, alocadas em 28 subcategorias de uso. Das 79 espécies alimentícias silvestres incluídas, 44 (55,69%) foram classificadas como de uso emergencial e 35 (44,30%) como de uso não emergencial. Quanto à motivação para consumo destacaram-se disponibilidade do recurso (93 - 100% dos informantes para 49 - 62,02% das espécies), seguido por escassez de alimento por seca (22 - 27,84%) e escassez de alimentos por outras causas (19 - 24,05%). As comunidades estudadas conhecem práticas alimentares com uso de plantas silvestres, inclusive de uso emergencial, embora algumas dessas encontrem-se em desuso ou estejam subutilizadas.
Background: Wild plants are one of the plant resources that have contributed most to meet the basic needs of human and are essential for the livelihoods of various peoples of the world. In addition, they represent a priority resource in periods of food shortages, especially for the populations in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to know the wild plants food species diversity and its subcategories of use in emergencies and/or nonemergencies situations in four rural communities of the Semiarid Region of Piauí state, Brazil.Methods: Wild food species on Carrasco vegetation in rural communities of the Semiarid Region of Piauí state, Northeastern Brazil were documented evaluating whether there is a consensus among the informants regarding the knowledge associated with the subcategories of food use and also analyzing whether ecological factors, age and gender behaved as variables that influenced the knowledge, selection and/or use of these species. For data documentation, 93 interviews through semistructured forms were performed and the participant observation technique was applied.Results: Forty-three food species of emergency use, thirty-sixth for non-emergency use, twenty-eighth subcategories of food use were cited by interviewees, and a consensus related to this knowledge was registered. In the four rural communities studied there was not positive correlation between age and the number of known plants, while the number of species known by men and women in Oiticica rural community diverged significantly, differing from the findings in Bebedouro, Itapecuru, and Pinga. The ecological factors studied influenced the selection and use of the known wild food species in these communities.
A ameixa-do-mato (Ximenia americana L.) cresce em diversas formações vegetais desde o nível do mar até cotas altitudinais próximas a 2.000m e encontra-se distribuída nos cinco continentes. Procedeu-se revisão não sistematizada de 39 artigos revisados por pares a fim de elencar as principais partes utilizadas, os usos, as potencialidades e as finalidades dentro das categorias de uso alimentício e medicinal. Os trabalhos mostraram maior evidência para as raízes e para as cascas dos caules utilizadas principalmente como anti-inflamatórios, e como alimento, os destaques são para a polpa do fruto e o óleo da semente. Vale ressaltar, que relatos deram conta do distanciamento das populações de X. americana das áreas habitadas, provocado pelo uso desordenado do recurso, com consequente risco de esquecimento dos usos tradicionais e perda desses saberes.
BackgroundThis article presents, from a biocultural perspective, a menstruating taboo related to the touching, harvesting and preparation of home remedies based on the use of medicinal plants in a rural community located in a semiarid landscape of Cocal municipality, Piauí state, Northeastern Brazil. MethodsMethods used include participant observation and semi-structured interviews performed with 27 local people (21 female and six male) that recognized a taboo regarding the menstruating cycle and the harvesting of medicinal plants in Franco rural community, Cocal, Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were used to document data regarding the profile of research participants, their perceptions about the taboo documented, as well as the social and biocultural implications of the execution of this traditional practice of prohibition. Participant observation was conducted in order to grasp a better understanding of the social and biocultural implications of the taboo. Additionally, a photographic record was kept during this stage.ResultsIt was verified in Franco rural community that female adolescents and/or women in their menstruating period were prohibited from touching, harvesting and/or preparing home remedies based on the use of medicinal plants. Research participants believed that this can cause the death of medicinal plants, or that they lose their medicinal properties. This taboo has serious social and biocultural implications locally, and can be structured firstly as maladaptive of cultural information at the individual level, as it inhibits the ability of menstruating women to take care of themselves and the health of their families, and secondly as an adaptative strategy at the group level among its users (promotes the transmission of knowledge and cooperation among its users). This traditional practice has serious positive implications for maintaining local bioculturality, sustainability of local medical systems and women's health.ConclusionThis taboo documented within the Franco community is an important informal institution with great influence on human biocultural behavior. The inclusion of these perspectives on taboos in biocultural studies offers opportunities for a greater understanding of biocultural attitudes related to interactions between the human species/biota and the environment in a complex knowledge system.
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