Coronavirus disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is mainly transmitted through droplets, but other ways of transmission have been hypothesized. We report a case of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a preterm born to an infected mother, confirmed by the presence of the virus in the neonatal blood, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs collected in the first half an hour of life. The neonate presented with acute respiratory distress, similar to the findings in severely affected adults. This case highlights the importance of pregnancy, labor and neonatal period surveillance of affected mothers and their newborns.

Fetuses exposed to warfarin during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing an embryopathy known as fetal warfarin syndrome or warfarin embryopathy. The most consistent anomalies are nasal hypoplasia and stippling of vertebrae or bony epiphyses. Management of pregnant patients on anticoagulation is challenging. Current guidelines suggest the use of warfarin if the therapeutic dose is ≤5 mg/day. We report the case of a newborn with signs of warfarin embryopathy born from a mother anticoagulated with warfarin due to mechanical mitral and aortic heart valves. Warfarin was required at the dose of 5 mg/day and was withheld without medical advice between weeks 8 and 10 with no other anticoagulation. The newborn presented with skeletal abnormalities and a ventricular septal defect that have not required specific treatment during the first year of life. Low-dose warfarin is associated with a lower risk of warfarin-related fetopathy but the risk of embryopathy seems unchanged.

As organizações são redes sociais cujos membros estabelecem entre si ligações de diversos tipos, formais e informais, positivas e negativas. O conflito entre atores é um processo comum que pode ser explicado com base num conjunto diverso de fatores. Contudo, o conflito interno às organizações tem sido pouco estudado, numa perpetiva de redes sociais. Para além disto, o conflito interorganizacional, analisado ao nível dos atores individuais, tem sido ainda menos estudado. No presente artigo, procuramos abordar o modo como as redes sociais das organizações estão associadas a perceções de conflito, quer intraorganizacional, quer interorganizacional, num contexto de proximidade física entre organizações. O estudo empírico, que envolveu duas organizações que partilhavam o mesmo espaço físico, mostra que, apesar da grande proximidade espacial entre ambas, os laços de amizade tendiam a concentrar-se no interior de cada organização e as perceções de conflito eram maiores entre as organizações do que no interior das mesmas. Os resultados são discutidos à luz das teses relativas aos efeitos da propinquidade física sobre a atração interpessoal entre membros de grupos distintos. Palavras chave: Redes sociais -Conflito -Organizações.Organizations are social networks whose members establish among themselves links of various types (formal and informal, positive and negative). Conflict between organizational actors is a common process that can be explained on the basis of several factors. However, internal conflict in organizations has been the subject of little research from a social network analysis perspective. Moreover, conflict among members of different organizations has been even less studied. In this paper, we address how social networks in organizations are associated with perceptions of intraorganizational or inter-organizational conflict, in contexts of physical proximity among organizations. The empirical study, which involved two organizations that shared the same physical space, shows that despite the great spatial proximity between them, bonds of friendship tended to cluster within each organization and conflict perceptions were higher across organizations than within them. The results are discussed in light of theories about the effects of physical propinquity on interpersonal attraction between members of different groups.

The worldwide incidence of allergic diseases has been continuously increasing, and up to one in every five people are currently affected by these medical conditions. Although seldom fatal, allergies have a profound impact on children’s growth, development, and quality of life, besides being associated with heavy healthcare costs and resource utilisation. In this context, a group of experts in nutrition, paediatric gastroenterology, allergology, and neonatology joined forces to discuss the role of infant formulas in the primary prevention of allergies in infants for whom breastfeeding is not an option and who are at risk of developing allergies. The topics discussed included the assessment of risk, the impact of the microbiota on the modulation of immune tolerance, and the added value of certain formula characteristics, namely, protein integrity (hydrolysed protein vs. intact protein) and the addition of prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics. This article describes the latest evidence on each of the above-mentioned points, as well as a number of recommendations made by the experts to guide counselling of parents in the choice of a formula for infants at risk of allergy. Overall, the experts highlighted family history and dysbiosis-promoting factors (namely, caesarean delivery and antibiotic use) as two of the most important risk factors for allergy development. Moreover, in line with international guidelines, the panel advocated that intact protein formula should be offered to all bottle-fed healthy infants, irrespective of their allergic risk (with the exception of short-term bottle feeding of otherwise breastfed babies in their first week of life, for whom a hydrolysed formula may be advisable). Finally, the experts agreed that the use of prebiotic-, probiotic-, or synbiotic-enriched formulas should be considered in infants at risk of developing allergies.

Objectives Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a rare and difficult to diagnose event that can have catastrophic outcomes. Although many etiologies have been associated with FMH, the majority of cases are idiopathic and affect uncomplicated pregnancies. The prevailing symptom is decreased fetal movements but some cases are asymptomatic. Changes in the fetal Doppler ultrasound, a sinusoidal cardiotocographic pattern, neonatal anemia, unexplained hydrops or stillbirth can raise suspicion that such an event has occurred. Case presentation This article presents a case series of severe FMH diagnosed in our center between 2011 and 2020 as well as a review of the current available literature. Conclusions We highlight the importance of the clinician’s awareness on detecting this rare but potentially life-threatening event.