Coronavirus disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is mainly transmitted through droplets, but other ways of transmission have been hypothesized. We report a case of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a preterm born to an infected mother, confirmed by the presence of the virus in the neonatal blood, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs collected in the first half an hour of life. The neonate presented with acute respiratory distress, similar to the findings in severely affected adults. This case highlights the importance of pregnancy, labor and neonatal period surveillance of affected mothers and their newborns.
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether chemical-shift magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) could be useful in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma
when clinical and radiological tumor features are inconclusive.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 17 patients who underwent chemical-shift
MRI for the evaluation of osteoid osteoma. For all patients, two
musculoskeletal radiologists independently recorded signal intensities on
in-phase and out-of-phase images in the nidus of the tumor, in
abnormal-intensity bone marrow surrounding the lesion, and in
normal-appearing bone marrow. For each region, relative signal intensity
ratios were calculated by dividing out-of-phase by in-phase values. Relative
ratios > 1 were considered indicative of neoplastic lesions. Statistical
analysis was carried out to analyze the sample. Inter-observer and
intra-observer agreement for each imaging method were assessed using
intraclass correlation coefficients according to the Fleiss method and a
value > 0.65 was considered to indicate substantial agreement.ResultsThe mean relative signal intensity ratios were 1.2 (range, 0.9-1.4) for the
nidus and 0.35 (range, 0.11-0.66) for the surrounding tissue; these values
differed significantly from the relative signal-intensity ratios for
normal-appearing bone marrow (p < 0.05).ConclusionChemical-shift MRI is useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of osteoid
osteoma.
Introduction: Metabolic bone disease of prematurity consists in a decrease of bone matrix mineral content, in comparison with the level expected for gestational age. Screening of this condition is based on serum alkaline phosphatase and phosphate levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic bone disease of prematurity, to assess the aspects associated with a higher risk of this disease and to describe the growth of newborns with birth weight below 1500 g and metabolic bone disease of prematurity.Material and Methods: Observational, retrospective, multicenter and descriptive study in three neonatal intensive care units in Portugal, from May 1st 2016 to April 30th 2017. A convenience sample of very low birthweight newborns was obtained. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were described in newborns with and without metabolic bone disease of prematurity.Results: A total of 53 newborns were included in this study: 30 males, 16 with gestational age ≤ 28 weeks. Five cases of metabolic bone disease of prematurity were diagnosed. In this group, the majority of patients was male and presented a lower gestational age and birth weight, in comparison with the group without metabolic bone disease of prematurity. The average duration of parenteral nutrition was higher in newborns with metabolic bone disease of prematurity and the calcium/phosphate ratio was lower than the recommended values. Growth was similar in both groups. No patient with metabolic bone disease of prematurity underwent physical rehabilitation.Discussion: The prevalence of metabolic bone disease of prematurity was 9.43%, which is lower than what is described in the literature. However, only 50% of newborns completed the screening according to the recommendations. The main risk factors identified concur with the literature.Conclusion: Metabolic bone disease of prematurity is a frequent but underdiagnosed comorbidity in very low birthweight newborns. It is essential to screen newborns at risk for this condition, using biochemical markers, as well as structure nutritional interventions and physical stimulation in order to avoid short and long-term consequences of this disease.
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