Neste trabalho, a nova abordagem para obter extrativos, hemicelulose e lignina total a partir de típicos resíduos de biomassa brasileira é otimizada pela Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR). Os efeitos das variáveis reacionais, incluindo o tempo de reação e extração das hidrólises, assim como a razão molar do substrato álcool foram investigados. Foram usados modelos de regressão polinomiais quadráticos para analisar os dados experimentais. O coeficiente de determinação foi maior do que 0,85 e o modelo foi considerado adequado. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que as metodologias do Laboratório Nacional de Energia Renovável devem ser adequadas para cada tipo de biomassa. Além disso, com os resultados otimizados, estes dados podem ser empregados na produção de larga escala de combustíveis oriundos de biomassa.
This study describes a pioneering industrial-scale experience by Tobasa in ethanol production from the amylaceous flour obtained by mechanical processing of the babassu mesocarp. Technical aspects related to enzymatic and fermentation processes, as well as overall economical aspects, are discussed. When produced in a small-size industrial plant (5000 L/d), babassu ethanol has a final cost of about $218/m3. The impact of raw materials, production, and processing (enzymes, steam, energy, and so on) on the final product cost is also presented. Babassu coconut ethanol can be produced at low cost, compared with traditional starchy raw materials or sugar cane. The net profitability of ethanol production is about 40% for babassu coconut and just 10% for sugar cane. If the estimated renewable babassu resources were entirely industrially used, 1 billion L/yr of ethanol could be produced, which would roughly correspond to 8% of the current Brazilian ethanol production.
The social dimension of sustainability has not gained as much attention in bioeconomy (BE) literature as have the environmental and economic dimensions. Thus, this study's purpose is to analyze how social sustainability of the non-timber forest-based BE enterprise in the Amazonian Forest has been leveraged. A case study was performed in the largest enterprise in Latin America that produces babassu coconut-activated carbon for industrial use. This enterprise is a benefit corporation (B Corp) certified by B lab. The main contributions of the study are: (i) proposing a framework for social sustainability that considers its drivers and elements, for both internal and external stakeholders; (ii) indicating the impact of social sustainability on enterprises' business model; (iii) pointing out the contribution of technological innovations to the circular economy and preservation of traditions and environment; and (iv) studying an under-explored object such as a B Corp in the Amazonian Forest.
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