Increasing urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon is associated with a significant change in food habits with processed and industrialized products playing an increasingly important role in the diet and contributing to the nutrition transition in the region.
In these populations, the SDH play a key role in the ontogeny of diseases and the 'diseases of modernity' occur simultaneously with the always present infectoparasitic pathologies, substantially increasing social vulnerability.
This article presents an analysis of the historic, technical and environmental factors that influenced the development of a water supply system for small rural communities in seasonally flooded areas of Amazonia. Data was gathered from internal reports, interviews and water quality analysis. Principal factors identified included: the use of photovoltaic energy, well and rain water quality, the use of mobile equipment and floating structures, and community participation in equipment construction and management. We believe that the developed model is a possible solution to problems related to water access in remote flooded areas of Amazonia.
Riverine populations that dwell in flooded forests (várzea) require suitable solutions for sanitation. An experimental project was started in 1998, using double-vault toilets in seasonally flooded houses in the Brazilian Amazon. The objective was to improve the health of inhabitants using adequate sanitation technology and health education. The focus of the present study was the assessment of that intervention. We compiled information from reports, local assessments, and interviews with users. In 2012, 14 years after the beginning of the project, 44% of the double-vault toilets were still in use. The main benefits noticed were awareness of the importance of toilets for reducing outdoor human waste and providing comfort, privacy, and safety for families. The sanitation project succeeded in reducing open defecation and raised the interest and demand for toilets. However, there is still a need for improving the construction of toilets and to better adapt them to flooded environments. We also include suggestions for improving the toilets and their use in flooded areas.
This work presents the results of a study about the reproductive behavior of riverine women living in the Sustainable Development Reserve Amanã, in the Middle Solimões region, state of Amazonas. The study was done in 2001 with the objective of identify aspects of the reproductive behavior of 83 women, collected through reproductive history methodology. These women live in small localities along the rivers and lakes in the middle of the Amazonian forest. The study identified that these women initialize their reproductive period at the age of 17, in average, and the mean age of their last pregnancy occurs at the age of 42, considering those above 50 years old. 36% of these 83 women had lost one or more of their children before the age of five. Only 16% use contraceptives and 12% are sterilized. They dont have access to the basic health assistance in a regular basis and the local midwives are extremely important in their assistance during pregnancy and delivery. This study em phasizes the importance of reproductive health programs including those social and cultural local conditions.
RESUMO Este artigo aborda a relação entre migração rural-urbana e educação no contexto das populações tradicionais ribeirinhas moradoras da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, no estado do Amazonas. Objetiva identificar como o contexto das migrações por fatores educacionais nessa unidade de conservação difere dos estudos que discutem a relação entre migração e educação. Foram usados dados quantitativos Sistema de Monitoramento Demográfico e Econômico do Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá que comparam as mudanças no contexto migratório e educacional de 69 localidades rurais da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, 568 unidades domésticas em 2011 e 676 em 2018. Os resultados demostraram aumento de 71% nas migrações rurais-urbanas por fatores educacionais e mudança no perfil educacional dos moradores, que revela novas demandas por educação na área. A demanda educacional não atendida tem influenciado nas decisões migratórias dos moradores, consequência do distanciamento entre as políticas educacionais e a realidade presente no rural amazônico.
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