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SummaryMeloidogyne enterolobii (Me) is an emerging root-knot nematode (RKN) and the most important worldwide for its high aggressiveness and increasing geographical distribution. In Mexico only in watermelon and tomato has been reported. Here we report the presence of this nematode in Jalapeño pepper collected in the state of Sinaloa. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of the second-stage juveniles and adult females were similar to those described for Me. DNA sequencing and alignment analysis (BLAST/GenBank) showed that the SCAR and rDNA IGS2 fragments had a 99 % of identity, with Me DNA sequences present in the database. The results obtained indicate that the RKN detected corresponds to M. enterolobii. To our knowledge, this is the fi rst report of this nematode in chilli pepper in this region of Mexico, considered of major economic importance for the variety of vegetables grown and the extension of the area sown.

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<p>The importance of native Mexican varieties in agricultural food production is analyzed, discussed and reflected upon, particularly regarding emergency situations such as the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The main example used is the tomato, <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>, comparatively with commercial varieties. Evidence is provided of the higher tolerance of native varieties to pests and diseases. When grafted onto commercial varieties, they maintained their tolerance, but also increased their yield. Before and perhaps during the pandemic, native tomato varieties have been an important food source for several marginalized communities in Mexico. The analysis suggests that the agricultural food production based on native varieties may help solve problems in the supply chain of imported agricultural inputs, while also solving the dependency on agrochemicals, fertilizers and commercial varieties, and promoting family-produced foods. A lower dependence on industrialized inputs would contribute towards self-sufficiency and food sovereignty, with nutritious and innocuous foods. In times of a pandemic, the family production model in marginalized rural settings would help reduce the mobility of people and the risk of contagion, increase food security and reduce SARS-CoV-2 risk factors due to the incidence of chronic diseases, particularly metabolic diseases.</p>