Abstract. Amirta R, Yuliansyah, Angi EM, Ananto BR, Setiyono B, Haqiqi MT, Septiana HA, Lodong M, Oktavianto RN. 2016. Plant diversity and energy potency of community forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Searching for fast growing wood species for energy production. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 22-30. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in intensifying the production and use of biomass to replace fossil fuels for the production of heat and electricity, especially for a remote area that generally abundance with the wood biomass resources including in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In this work, diversity of plant species that commonly growth in community forest area of East Kutai District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia had been studied to point out their energy potency to be used as biomass feedstock for the electricity generated. Diversity of plant species in the community forest was evaluated by making 13 sampling plots with 20mx20m size approximately. Concurrently, the energy properties of plant biomass such as proximate and ultimate compositions were also analyzed using ASTM methods. Results showed that more than 30 species of tropical trees and wood shrubs were grown in the community forest. The presence of them was classified into two different growths of origins: natural and artificial plantation, and also three different categories of plant resources: tree species from logged over forest, commercial fast growing plant tree species for the fiber production and woody shrubs. The highest dominancy and productivity was found in Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen since the wood biomass was artificially planted for the commercial purposes. Among the 31 plant species analyzed we found the highest energy potency was obtained from Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume that produced 3.17 MWh/ton, and the lowest was from Trema orientalis (L.) Blume 0.97 MWh/ton. The woody shrubs species such as Vernonia amygdalina Delile., Piper aduncum L., Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp., Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner., Bridelia tomentosa Blume, Vitex pinnata L., Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. and Bauhinia purpurea var. corneri de Wit. were suitable to be used as sustainable feedstocks for the electricity generated and promising to be developed as energy plant species in the future using Short Rotation Coppice system (SRC).
In an effort to reverse the trend of deforestation and forest degradation, several international initiatives have been attempted. Though promoted in different political arenas, Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) – Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA), and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in developing countries (REDD+) share overlapping objectives of conservation of tropical forests. We explore specialists' viewpoint on FLEGT-VPA and REDD+ processes in Indonesia with reference to their contribution towards Sustainable Forest Management (SFM). The study shows that FLEGT-VPA and REDD+ regimes contribute towards SFM. While FLEGT-VPA improves enabling condition for SFM through governance reform, improved harvesting practices, and timber legality assurance system, REDD+ supports SFM through institutional strengthening, reforming policies and frameworks, mobilizing new and additional financial resources and increasing social and ecological resilience. We identified opportunities to achieve synergies between REDD+ and FLEGT-VPA by harmonizing their processes, tools, methodologies, technical assistance, capacity-building and funding mechanisms.
Abstract. Yuliansyah, Haqiqi MT, Septia E, Mujiasih D, Septiana HA, Setiawan KA, Setiyono B, Angi EM, Saparwadi, Sari NM, Kusuma IW, Rujehan, Suwinarti W, Amirta R. 2019. Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2236-2242. Fallow period is a time gap, as long as 15 years, for improving natural soil fertility of land used for traditional shifting cultivation, in the tropical areas commonly used by Dayak People in Borneo Island. During this period, many biomass plant species naturally grow and develop a new forest vegetation community with shrub and medium trees, dominated by fast-growing pioneer species. In this study, we investigated the plant diversity in fallowed shifting cultivation area in Batu Majang Village, Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province, followed by analysis of the suitability of wood characteristics for energy production. We classified the study area according to the age of fallow period as: 1-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-15 years. We found 29 species among which 13 were identified as the top species according to the highest value for important value index. Potential wood biomass production increased from 3.01 m3 ha-1 to 399.62 m3 ha-1. V. pinnata and M. pearsonii showed the highest dominance which is present in almost all area based on age classification groups. Wood from V. pinnata achieved the highest calorific valueof18.00 MJ kg-1 whereas N. cadamba and M. sericea were in the second and third places with the value of 17.30 MJ kg-1 and 17.28 MJ kg-1, respectively. Therefore, V. pinnata was an important species among all other species observed because of high adaptability and high energy content. In addition, possible energy production at the end of the fallow period of 15 years was 2.92 GJ ha-1.
ABSTRAKPemerintah Kalimantan Timur (Kaltim) mengeluarkan kebijakan dan program Kaltim Green, Low Carbon Growth Strategy (LCGS), Strategi Rencana Aksi Provinsi Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus (SRAP REDD+), dan Rencana Aksi Daerah Gas Rumah Kaca (RAD GRK). Kebijakan ini untuk memperbaiki tata kelola hutan dan lahan (TKHL) untuk mendukung pemerintah menurunkan emisi GRK dunia melalui rencana aksi (mitigasi) sebesar 26% dan 41% hingga tahun 2020. Tujuan studi ini untuk menyampaikan hasil kajian sosial, ekonomi, budaya dan politik yang berkontribusi terhadap deforestasi, degradasi hutan dan lahan. Termasuk relasi aktor formal dan non formal dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan daerah serta isu-isu strategis TKHL terkait perencanaan tata ruang, proses kebijakan tata ruang, perijinan, dan penganggaran. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Paser, Kaltim pada periode tahun 2012-2013 dan dilanjutkan studi meja (desk study) tahun 2014. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam (dept interview) terhadap 10 responden infoman kunci dan studi literatur. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis masalah (analisis konteks dan kebijakan) dan analisis stakeholders (analisis aktor). Hasil studi menyebutkan bahwa deforestasi terbesar disebabkan karena izin-izin di bidang kehutanan dan perkebunan, sedangkan degradasi hutan dan lahan disumbangkan dari kegiatan pertambangan. Hal tersebut didukung dari struktur politik, legislatif memberikan kontribusi dukungan yang besar atas penguasaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam bagi eksekutif.Kata Kunci: deforestasi, degradasi hutan dan lahan, Tata Kelola Hutan dan Lahan (TKHL), Kabupaten Paser ABSTRACT The Government of East Kalimantan has issued policies and programs of Kaltim Green, Low Carbon Growth Strategy (LCGS), Strategy of Action Plan of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus (SRAP REDD +), and Regional Greenhouse Gas Action Plan (RAD GRK). These policies were developed in order to improve forest and land management (TKHL) to support the government in reducing global emissions by 26% and 41% through mitigation action plans by 2020. This study aimed to investigate
The Climate Village Program (CVP) is one of the national flagship programs of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia to support emission reduction and climate resilience. This paper examines the challenges and strategies for implementing the climate village program in the national and sub-national contexts. Data and information derived from discussions, seminars, focus group discussions, and interviews with local government officials in East Kalimantan were used to analyze the social learning of the CVP plus, including those on the policy process and its concept, integration program, and implementation. Sustainable strategies need to be addressed by integrating the CVP plus into the medium-term development plan of the region. The challenges and way forward of the CVP plus could be an excellent lesson for implementation in all provinces of Indonesia to support FOLU (Forest Other Land Use) Net Sinker 2030 and LTS-LCCR (Long-Term Strategy on Low Carbon and Climate Resilience) 2050. Key challenges and strategies for the CVP plus are highlighted in the planning and implementation phases, especially in improving climate resilience. This study also points out the steps of implementation of the CVP, development partners and their roles in relation to climate change and other socio-economic facts that make it difficult to engage real stakeholders in the implementation of the CVP plus.
Indonesia has approximately 39.6 million hectares of wetlands and almost 894,106 hectares in the Kayan Sembakung Delta, North Kalimantan Province. Despite in illegal status, the wetlands in the Kayan Sembakung Delta for decades have become a location where local people depend for their lives. Therefore, as part of resolving land conflicts, the implementation of Social Forestry (SF) can be offered to the community in the area. This study aims to identify problems in SF implementation in the Kayan Sembakung Delta and efforts to solve them. Data collection was obtained by interviewing the key informants, FGDs, and field observations together with the community member of 5 villages in North Kalimantan namely Liagu Village in Sekatak District - Bulungan Regency, Salimbatu Village in Tanjung Palas Tengah District - Bulungan Regency, Sengkong Village in Sesayap Hilir District - Tana Tidung Regency, Atap Village in Sembakung District - Nunukan Regency and Tepian Village in Sembakung District - Nunukan Regency. The study showed that the implementation of SF in the Kayan Sembakung Delta just in the early phase and facing numerous technical problems such as institutional, facilitating, management plan, funding, human resources, the potential for natural resource development, groups of social forestry business, and support from other parties. This study found that the main problem in implementing SF in the Kayan Sembakung Delta is the weak capacity of the human resources of SF management institution. This condition caused that the implementation of SF programs in this area must receive support from parties, especially in policy support and improving human resources.
Setulang People in Malinau District, North Kalimantan is one of the forest dwellers who use forest resources to meet the needs of everyday life. This paper aims to inform the types and forms of utilization of forest resources by communities Setulang, Malinau District, North Borneo and the problems faced. Collecting data in this study was conducted in June 2012, while the method using a combination of Focused Group Discussions (FGD), in depth interviews and field observations. The results of the study showed that the use of forest resources by Setulang People is inheritance of their ancestors while living in Longh Sa'an Village, Pujungan, Malinau District. Utilization of forest resources is majority done in the Forbidden Land (Tane' Olen) and Forest for Reserves (Unung Mpe') in the form of activities: (1) Finding the herb (Duqu Fetenu ' Laminj), wooden boats and firewood; (2) Hunting and fishing; (3) Looking for craft materials; and (4). Finding ingredients of medicines and vegetables. In the utilization of forest resources, a common problem that still occurs is a matter of a claim of ownership of land, especially in Tane'Olen and Unung Mpe'.
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