Production of β-glucan by Agrobacterium sp is influenced by the composition of nutrition in the fermentation media. Molases has been used successfully by others in the fermentation media of S. cerevisiae to increase the yield of-glucan, and similarly, uracil has been used in the fermentation media of Agrobacterium sp to increase the yield of-glucan. Investigations to increase the yield of-glucan by two strains of Agrobacterium sp, i.e. A1.5 (reference) and B4.4 (local strain), have been carried out by addition of various combination of molases and uracil into fermentation media, i.e. 5%(v/v) molase-0,05%(b/v) uracil; 5% molase-0,025% uracil; 10% molase-0,05% uracil; and 10% molase-0,025% uracil. The β-1,3-glucan and β-1,2-glucan fractions were separated by extraction method. Beta-glucan concentration was determined as the glucose monomer using the phenol-sulphate spectrophotometric method at 490 nm. The protein content was determined by a modified Lowry-spectrophotometric method at 750 nm. The results showed that all combination of molases and uracil in the fermentation media of Agrobacterium sp A1.5 and B4.4 strains have increased both the dry-weight yield of β-glucan (crude) and the βglucan content, with the highest was in a medium containing 10% molases-0,025% uracil combination. In the above medium, the A1.5 strain produced the highest β-glucan (7,5%) with the lowest protein content (8,4%) in the β-1,3-glucan fraction, while the β-glucan content in the β-1,2-glucan fraction were all lower than in the control media, while the protein content were all higher than in the control media. In the above media, the B4.4 strain produced the highest β-glucan, 7,2% in the β-1,3-glucan fraction, and 13,1% in β-1,2-glucan fraction, while the lowest protein content (8,4%) was in the β-1,3-glucan fraction. In conclusion, fermentation media of Agrobacterium sp A1.5 strain or B4.4 strain containing molase and uracil combination have increased both the dry-weight yield of total β-glucan (crude) and the β-glucan content, while reduced the protein content. There is no clear FTIR spectrum difference between supposedly β-1,2-glucan fraction and β-1,3-glucan fraction.
Each company will make every effort to improve productivity, efficiency, fast, easy service, and continue to create various new innovations to stay ahead and survive in the market. In addition to productivity and efficiency that need to be improved, companies must also understand and know what consumers need. This study aims to determine and explain the effect of information sharing and innovation in Supply Chain Management partially on company performance. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. The unit of research analysis is the tourism sector SMEs in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Respondents who were used as samples were 210 people. The analytical method used in testing the hypothesis is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Partial Least Square (PLS). This research has succeeded in proving the existence of mediation of information sharing and significant innovation in the relationship between supply chain management and performance.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known species of bacteria producing parasporal crystalline proteins that are toxic to many insect pests, it also has strong cytocidal activity against human cancer cells. In this work we endeavoured to explore the city of Jakarta and its neighbouring regencies to obtain new strains to profile its potency. The soil samples were boiled and plated on T-3 agar; the colonies which appeared were then examined under the light microscope to check for crystalline proteins. The proteins were treated with 1% SDS-0.01% β-mercaptoethanol and visualized by SDS-PAGE to determine their molecular size. From 52 soil samples, 1248 putative colonies were obtained. After microscopic examination, 57 isolates showed the existence of crystalliferous protein, of those 30 indicated many sizes of ä-endotoxin protein from approximatively 150 kDa to the smallest 35 kDa. Most of proteins examined probably showed insecticidal activity and four of those were predicted to possess cytocidal activity against human cancer cells. The geographic condition did not appear to influence the distribution of different types of äendotoxin.
Mutagenesis of indigenous fungal isolates Trichoderma sp. T065 was achieved by UV light in a laminar air flow and UV crosslinker to increase cellulase activity. Thirty-four mutants were tested for their growth capacity in mineral agar with several carbon sources: Whatman filter paper no.1, 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 2% cellulose powder, 1% Avicel and 4% delignified oil palm empty fruit bunches (DOPEFB) with granule size of 200 mesh. Three mutants (UV-1.1, 1.2-UV and UV-1.3) showed bigger growth zone on cellulose substrate of 4% DOPEFB than that of wild type Trichoderma sp. T065. The highest cellulase activities were 0.65 FPU/mL and 0.57 FPU/mL from UV-1.1 and UV-1- 3, respectively higher than wild type that is equal to 0.038 FPU/mL.Keywords: Trichoderma sp. T065, mutations, UV light, carbon source, cellulase activityABSTRAKMutagenesis isolat lokal kapang Trichoderma sp. T065 dilakukan dengan sinar UV pada laminar air flow dan UV crosslinker untuk meningkatkan aktivitas selulase. Tiga puluh empat kapang mutan diuji kapasitas pertumbuhannya pada mineral agar dengan beberapa jenis sumber karbon yaitu kertas saring Whatman no.1, 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 2% serbuk selulosa, 1% avicel dan 4% tandan kosong sawit (TKS) dengan ukuran granula 200 mesh. Tiga mutan (UV-1.1, UV-1.2 dan UV- 1.3) mempunyai zona pertumbuhan yang lebih besar pada substrat selulosa dengan sumber karbon 4% TKS daripada isolat asli Trichoderma sp. T065. Aktivitas selulase tertinggi adalah 0,65 FPU/mL dan 0,57 FPU/mL berturut-turut dari mutan UV-1.1 dan UV-1.3 yang lebih tinggi dari isolat aslinya yaitu 0,038 FPU/mL.Kata kunci : Trichoderma sp. T065, mutasi, sinar UV, sumber karbon, aktivitas selulase
AbstrakBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) merupakan bakteri gram positif berspora penghasil protein toksin yang bersifat sebagai insektisidal dan sitosidal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi protein toksin yang dihasilkan dari isolat lokal B.thuringiensis hasil sampling di beberapa tempat di wilayah Kabupaten Tangerang dan memprediksi karakteristik protein tersebut berdasarkan bobot molekulnya.Beberapa wilayah yang dijadikan titik sampling antara lain : Ciherang, Ciputat, Pasar Kemis, Kosambi, Parung Secab, Puspiptek, Pamulang, dan Cileduk. Isolasi B.thuringiensis dari sampel tanah dilakukan dengan metode Travera et al. (1987) menggunakan medium T3.Isolat yang diperoleh dikultivasi selama 72 jam pada suhu 28 o C hingga sporulasi dan dihasilkan protein kristal yang kemudian ditentukan kandungan proteinnya dengan metode Lowry. Analisis profil protein dilakukan dengan SDS-PAGE pada konsentrasi resolving gel 12 % dan stacking gel 4 %.Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 6 sampel tanah yang positif mengandung B.thuringiensis, yaitu sampel Ciherang, Pasar Kemis, Kosambi, Parung Secab, Pamulang dan Cileduk. Analisis SDS-PAGE pada masing-masing sampel menunjukkan 5 jenis protein toksin yang diduga bersifat insektisidal, yaitu Cry 15, Cry 23, Cry 25, Cry 30, dan Cry 35, dan 3 jenis protein yang diprediksi bersifat sitosidal yaitu PS-2 (Cry 46), PS-3 (Cry41), dan PS-4 (Cry 45). AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a gram-positive sporulated bacterium produces protein toxin as an insecticidal and sitosidal. The purpose of this study was to explore these protein toxin produced by local isolates isolated from several places in the district of Tangerang and predict the characteristics of these proteins based on molecular weight. Some areas are used as sampling points are: Ciherang, Chester, Pasar Kemis, Kosambi, Parung Secab, Puspiptek, Pamulang, and Cileduk. B.thuringiensis were isolated by T3 medium. Cultivated isolates obtained during 72 hours at 28 o C until sporulation and crystal protein is produced which is protein content then quantification by Lowry method. Protein profile analysis performed by SDS-PAGE which use 12% resolving gel concentration and 4% stacking gel. From the results obtained 6 positive samples of soil containing B. thuringiensis, i.e Ciherang, Pasar Kemis, Kosambi, Parung Secab, Pamulang and Cileduk. SDS-PAGE analysis result showed five types of proteins are predicted to be insecticidal toxin, which is Cry 15, Cry 23, Cry 25, Cry 30 and Cry 35, and 3 types of proteins are predicted to be sitosidal the PS-2 (Cry 46), PS-3 (Cry41), and PS-4 (Cry 45).
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