AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisa profil dan karakteristik beberapa lemak hewani sebagai studi pendahuluan dalam rangka pengembangan metode analisa kehalalan pangan. Sampling dilakukan terhadap tiga jenis sampel jaringan lemak hewani yang meliputi lemak ayam, lemak sapi dan lemak babi. Sampel jaringan lemak ayam dan sapi diperoleh dari pasar tradisional sedangkan sampel jaringan lemak babi diperoleh dari Rumah Pemotongan Hewan di daerah Jakarta Timur. Masing-masing sampel jaringan lemak diekstrak dengan pemanasan langsung dan selanjutnya dianalisa sifat fisikokimianya meliputi bobot jenis, indeks bias, titik leleh, bilangan asam, bilangan iod dan bilangan penyabunan. Analisa lebih lanjut dilakukan dengan metode FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra red) dan GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectromtery) untuk mengidentifikasi spesifitas masing-masing lemak berdasarkan pola serapan gugus fungsi dan komposisi asam lemaknya. Hasil analisa sifat fisikokimia yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang cukup signifikan untuk masing-masing sampel lemak kecuali untuk titik leleh, bilangan iod dan bilangan penyabunannya. Hasil analisa FTIR menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pola serapan yang khas pada daerah 3010, 1110-1095 dan 975-965 cm -1 yang merepresentasikan tingkat perbedaan komposisi asam lemak pada masing-masing sampel. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasil analisa GCMS yang membuktikan adanya perbedaan kandungan SFA (saturated fatty acid), MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) dan PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) pada ketiga sampel. AbstractA research had been done to carried out the profile and characteristic of animal fat as a preface of developing food halalness analysis. Three different types of animal body fat had been chosen on the sampling consists of chicken, beef and lard. Both of chicken and beef were obtained from a local market whereas lard got from slaughter house. Each of sample were cut into small pieces and directly melted at 75 o C, and the physical chemistry test were analyzed such as density, refractive index, melting point, iodine value and saponification value. Further analysis had been carried out by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra red) and GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) to identify spectral bands and composition of fatty acid on each samples. It was found that each sample had no significantly different in their density and refractive index except on melting point, iodine value and saponification value. However, FTIR spectral data gives a specific difference in frequency region of 3010, 1110-1095 cm -1 and the bands associated fingerprint region 975 -965 cm -1 which represented of fatty acid contain. The GCMS data gives more clearly information about the difference of proportions of SFA (saturated fatty acid), MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) on each samples.

Namnam is known as a plant family of fabacea that contains phenolic compounds with diverse biological activities including antibacterial. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the antibacterial activity of compounds isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the leaves namanam (Cynometra cauliflora L.). Extraction was done by maceration, fractionation by column chromatography, antibacterial essay by disc diffusion method, and characterization of compounds with UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopy and LCMS. Ethyl acetate extracts have antibacterial activity with inhibition zone respectively 12.25 and 6.00 mm to Escherecia coli and Stapilococcus aureus at a concentration of 100,000 ppm. The results of column chromatography fractions 23-30 yielded three isolates with Rf 0.20 cm; 0.33 cm and 0.87 cm. Characteristics of antibacterial active compounds in isolates 2 (Rf 0.33 cm) is based on the analysis results are UV-Vis absorption at λmaks 206.93 nm, 268.40 nm, 328.58 nm, 383.98 nm and 386.98 nm , FTIR (KBr) showed -OH group 3415.68 cm-1, CH 2958.10 cm-1, C = C aromatic 1651.18 cm-1, C-OH cyclic 1019.88 cm-1 and CH aromatic 694.56 cm-1 and LCMS produce three main peak at a retention time of 4.82; 6.87 and 7.64 which is thought to be the compound 2-isopropyl-5-metilsikloheksil 2-hidroksipropanoat, Cuelure, and 2-[(2-Hydroxycyclohexyl) oxy] cyclohexanecarboxylate.   Key word: antibacterial, disc diffusion, Namnam (Cynometracauliflora L.). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3084

AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui toksisitas dari ekstrak daun pandan wangi menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Ekstrak dibuat dengan cara maserasi menggunakan tiga macam pelarut, yaitu butanol, etil asetat, dan petroleum eter. Uji toksisitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan larva udang Artemia salina Leach yang berumur 48 jam. Efek toksik masing-masing ekstrak diidentifikasi dengan presentase kematian larva udang menggunakan analisis probit (LC 50 ). Ekstrak aktif kemudian diuji kandungan fitokimianya dan senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalamnya dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Hasilnya menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat bersifat toksik (LC 50 : 288,4 ppm). Senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etil asetat adalah senyawa terpenoid dan steroid. AbstractAn investigation to find out the toxicity of tray screw pine leaf extract has been done by using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test ( BSLT) method. Fragrant screw pine leaf extract was made by macerating with three kinds of solvent, i.e. butanol, ethyl acetate, and ether petroleum. Toxicity was conducted for prawn larva Artemia salina Leach of 48 hours age. Effect of toxicity from each extract identified with presentage of death of prawn larva and counted by probit analysis ( LC 50 ). An active extract then characterized by phytochemistry content and bioactive compound by GC-MS analysis. The result showed that ethyl acetate extract was more toxic than another extract ( LC 50 : 288,4 ppm). Futhermore, the bioactive compound of tray screw pine leaf was probably to be either terpenoid and steroid compound.

The use of trastuzumab as intact IgG labeling radionuclide for HER2 positive breast cancer theranostic agent is not ideal because it is slowly eliminated from the blood and normal tissues resulting in low tumor/blood (T/B) and tumor/normal tissue (T/NT) ratios. To overcome this limitation, we developed the trastuzumab F(ab 0) 2 fragments and radiolabeling of the fragments by b and g-particle of Lutetium-177. F(ab) 2 fragments were produced by digestion of trastuzumab IgG (Herceptin) with pepsin for 18 h at 37 C. The F(ab 0) 2 fragment fractionated in PD-10 column, followed by the conjugation with 2-(4isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-DOTA) as a metal chelator and radiolabeling with 177 LuCl 3. Molecular weight of fragments was calculated by LCMS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy) and the radiochemical purity was evaluated by ITLC-SG (Instan Thin Layer Chromatography). Our study showed that the purity of F(ab 0) 2 fragment generated by PD-10 fractions was >98% and the molecular weight of F(ab 0) 2 was 98.35 kDa. The average numbers of pSCN-Bn-DOTA chelates per antibody fragment were 5.03 ± 1.5 and the optimum conjugation reactions was performed at molar ratio 20:1 (chelator to antibody). The stability test of the radioimmunoconjugate in the human serum albumin (HSA) at 37 C showed the radiochemical purity was 91.96 ± 0.26% after 96 h storage. This indicated that the radioimmunoconjugate is relatively stable when applied to the human body's physiological condition.

Testing of antibacterial activity against ethyl acetate extract local cardamom seeds (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) has been performed. Extraction was carried out using the soxhlet method with methanol solvent and liquid-liquid partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvent, antibacterial activity test was performed using the disc diffusion method, fractionation using column chromatography and characterization of active fractions using chromatography GCMS, UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The test results showed that the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract had the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli with inhibition zone diameter of respectively 15.15 ± 1.34 and 13.50 ± 0.70 mm at a concentration of 3200 mg/mL. Results of fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction using column chromatography with a mobile phase of ethyl acetate: n-hexane (3: 2) yielded three fractions, namely F1 (14.6 mg), F2 (8.1 mg) and F3 (4.6 mg). Fraction 2 had the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 12.34 ± 0.07 mm at a concentration of 800 ug/mL. The results of the characterization of the fraction 2 obtained using GCMS analysis of three antibacterial compounds suspected of 2.9-dihydroxy-1,8-cineol; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,8-cineol and 2,2-methylene bis [6- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-ethyl] phenol. The results of the F2 fraction characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy showed the presence of group C = C conjugated chromophore at λmax 223 nm and are based on analysis using FTIR there -OH alcohol functional group (3372 cm-1), aliphatic -CH (2926 and 2854 cm-1) , C = C (1695 cm-1), aliphatic CH2 (1402 cm-1), CH3 aliphatic (1384 cm-1), and C-O (1203; 1126; 1091 and 1043 cm-1). Keywords: Antibacterial, S. aureus, E. coli, Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton, disk diffusion

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas dan tingkat kerusakan lemak nabati dan lemak hewani akibat proses pemanasan pada suhu tinggi. Beberapa lemak nabati dan lemak hewani yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini meliputi minyak goreng curah, minyak goreng kemasan, minyak ikan, margarine, lemak babi, lemak sapi, lemak ayam dan minyak zaitun. Masing-masing sampel dipanaskan pada suhu 110 o C selama 30 menit, selanjutnya stabilitas dan tingkat kerusakannnya dianalisis dengan mengukur kadar radikal bebas melalui analisis malondialdehid dengan metode kolorimetri dan komposisi asam lemak jenuh (saturated fatty acid), asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal (mono unsaturated fatty acid) serta asam lemak tak jenuh ganda (poly unsaturated fatty acid) dengan menggunakan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrofotometry (GCMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan radikal bebas sebagai parameter kerusakan lemak pada masing-masing sampel relatif berbeda dimana pada minyak ikan dihasilkan radikal bebas sebesar 40 μmol/L, sedangkan pada minyak goreng curah sebesar 25 μmol/L, minyak goreng kemasan 20 μmol/L, margarine 16 μmol/L, minyak zaitun 30 μmol/L, lemak ayam 37 μmol/L, lemak sapi 18 μmol/L dan lemak babi 31 μmol/L. Hasil analisa GCMS menunjukkan bahwa kandungan asam lemak jenuh terbesar diperoleh pada sampel lemak sapi (65.53%), sedangkan asam lemak tidak jenuh ganda terbesar diperoleh pada minyak ikan sebesar 30.24%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kerusakan lemak pada masing-masing sampel sangat dipengaruhi oleh kandungan awal asam lemak tak jenuh ganda yang terdapat pada masing-masing sampel seperti pada minyak ikan dimana komposisi asam lemak tidak jenuh ganda relatif lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang lain. Kata kunci : Tingkat kerusakan lemak, lemak nabati, lemak hewani, radikal bebas, GCMS AbstractThis study aims to determine the stability and level of fats damage due to the heating process at high temperature. Some vegetable fats and animal fats are used as samples in this study include bulk cooking oil, packaged cooking oil, fish oil, margarine, lard, beef fat, chicken fat and olive oil. Each sample is heated at a temperature of 110 o C for 30 minutes, then the stability and level of fats damage were analyzed by measuring the levels of free radicals through the malondialdehyde formation with colorimetric methods and then the composition of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were determined by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrofotometry (GCMS). The results showed that the content of free radical damage to fats as a parameter in each of the samples was relatively different, in which the free radicals of fish oil generated by 40 μmol/L, while in the bulk cooking oil 25 μmol/L, packaged cooking oils 20 μmol/L, margarine 16 μmol /L and olive oil 30 μmol/L, . GCMS analysis results showed that the largest saturated fatty acid content was obtained on samples of beef tallow (65.53%), while the largest unsaturated fatty acids was obtained in fish oil at...

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiabetes dari ekstrak etil asetat daun pandanwangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) menggunakan metode α-glukosidase. Ekstrak dibuat dengancara perendaman menggunakan etil asetat. Uji antidiabetes dilakukan dengan menggunakan enzim α-glukosidase. Ekstrak etil asetat daun pandan wangi bersifat antidiabetes dengan aktivitaspenghambatan (IC50) sebesar 94,23 ppm. Hasil analisa GCMS menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat daunpandan wangi mengandung senyawa aktif asam lemak dan turunannya, terpenoid, dan steroid.

AbstrakPemanfaatan kulit ikan sebagai sumber alternatif gelatin menjadi kajian yang cukup menarik terlebih dengan adanya isu dan kekhawatiran mengenai status kehalalan gelatin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi kulit ikan sapu-sapu (Hyposarcus pardalis) sebagai sumber alternatif gelatin yang dilanjutkan dengan pengujian sifat fisikokimia sebagai parameter standar kualitas gelatin. Proses ekstraksi gelatin dilakukan dengan merendam kulit ikan sapu-sapu dalam asam fosfat 2%,4%,6% (v/v) dan asam asetat 2%,4%,6% (v/v) dengan perbandingan kulit ikan:asam (1:3) dan lama perendaman 16 jam kemudian dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi air hangat pada suhu 70 0 C selama 2 jam. Analisis total randemen dan karakteristik struktur molekul gelatin dilakukan pada tahap awal dan dilanjutkan dengan pengujian sifat fisikokimianya meliputi uji proksimat (kadar air, abu, protein lemak dan kadar logam), uji viskositas, uji titik leleh, uji titik gel, uji pH, uji titik isoelektrik dankekuatan gel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman dengan asam fosfat 4% menghasilkan rendemen terbanyak (11.6%).Hasil analisis FTIR pada kedua perlakuan menunjukkan spektrum gelatin yang memiliki kemiripan dengan spektrum FTIR gelatin babi. Pengujian sifat fisikokimia menunjukkan gelatin hasil ekstraksi asam fosfat 4% memiliki pH 4.78, titik isoelektrik 8.37, titik gel 11.5 0 C, titik leleh 27 0 C, viskositas 12.7 cP, kekuatan gel 416.57 bloom kadar air 7.5%, kadar abu 9.4%, kadar lemak 10.3% dan kadar protein 66.6%. Hasil pengujian kadar logam berat (Hg 0.012 mg/Kg, Pb 7.69 mg/Kg, Cd 2.49 mg/Kg, Cu 0.99 mg/Kg dan Zn 11.10 mg/Kg) menunjukkan kandungan logam berat pada gelatin hasil ekstraksi asam fosfat masih berada dibawah ambang batas kecuali untuk logam Cd dan Pb dimana menurut SNI 7387:2009 kadar maksimum Cd 0.1 mg/Kg, Hg 0.5 mg/Kg, Pb 0.3 mg/Kg. Secara keseluruhan sifat fisikokimia gelatin kulit ikan sapu-sapu sudah memenuhi standar mutu gelatin kecuali untuk kadar abu, kadar lemak, viskositas dan kekuatan gel yang nilainya lebih tinggi dari yang dipersyaratkan. AbstractThe benefit of fish skin as an alternative source of gelatin has been chalanging today through the issues and regarding to the halal status of gelatin. This study aims to explore the potential use of Sapu-sapu fish skin (Hyposarcus pardalis) as an alternative source of gelatins. Physicochemical properties determinated as a standard quality of gelatin. Fish skin gelatin carried out by pretreated sapu-sapu fish skin in phosporic acid 2%, 4%, 6% (v/v) and acetic acid 2 %,4 %,6 % (v/v) independently for 16 hours continued by water extraction on 70 0 C for 2 hours. The yield of gelatin and characteristic of molecular structure analyzed by FTIR though analysis of physicochemical properties consist of proximate (moisture, ash , fat and protein assay), viscosity, melting point, gelling point, pH, isoelectric point and gel strength. The results showed that fish skin gelatin extracted in phosphoric acid 4% had bigest randemen (11.6%) and close similarly with molecular struc...