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Purpose The aim was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression, and changes over time from pregnancy to postpartum period. Design and Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in 23 cities in Turkey, with 497 pregnant women. Findings Of women, 13.5% had a high level of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and 4.8% during the postpartum period. Significant relationships emerged between total Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score and mean age of participants and their husbands, duration of marriage, parity, and history of receiving professional psychological support. Practice Implications Family planning education could be an important intervention to prevent depression in young couples.

Introduction: Health literacy is defined as the capacity to reach, acquire, understand and interpret health information that protects, enhances, and rehabilitates the health of individuals. It is known that there is a significant relationship between health outcomes and health literacy level. Traditional health practices are the practices of the society applied with beliefs, traditions, values, and cultures. Some of these practices related to behaviors and beliefs in pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period are beneficial for health, some are harmful, and some do not affect. The aim of this study was to investigate health literacy and the applications of traditional practices of women in the postpartum period. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in an obstetrics and gynecology department of a women's and children's health hospital with the 303 women who were delivered. Research data were collected with "Descriptive Prosperities Form", "Traditional Applications Evaluation Form" and "Health Literacy Scale". Results: The mean age of women was 29.19±6.94, and the mean number of childbirth was 3.48±2.14. As traditional practices, the most common practice of women for babies was to cover yellow writing and dress yellow to cure jaundice (72.8%), and the most common practice for the mother in the postpartum period was not to see anyone / not leave the room (63.5%) until postpartum forty days. Women's health literacy scale total mean score was 106.77 ± 16.52. A statistically significant relationship was found between the age groups, educational status employment status, and number of birth of women, and health literacy scale total scores (p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation was found between women's health literacy scale total scores and their frequency of using traditional practices (p <0.001). Conclusions: It was found that women who applied to traditional practices in the postpartum applied negative practices. It is thought that increasing the level of health literacy of pregnant women may decrease negative traditional applications in the postpartum period.

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Consanguineous marriage is described as the union between a man and woman who share at least one common ancestor (Bittles & Black, 2010b). Consanguineous unions are common in many parts of the world. While it has declined in Western societies, consanguineous marriage is still common in North Africa, Middle East, and western Asia. Of all marriages in Turkey, 23% of them are consanguineous while rates around the

Background Despite the early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, it is still a significant public health problem in Somalia. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals towards the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Methods This study was conducted in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, between December 2020 and February 2021. The cross-sectional study consisted of a total of 280 healthcare professionals. The study data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 38 questions evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of all healthcare professionals towards the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, an additional 15 questions for women only, and a total of 43 questions. Results 22.1% of the participants received cervical cancer training during vocational education and training. Cervical cancer education after graduation is 16.8%, and the rate of providing education to patients is only 29.6%. The rate of female healthcare professionals having a Pap smear test is 2%. The participants' cervical cancer total knowledge score was 16.5 ± 6.69, and the success rate was 63.46. The highest success rate in knowledge subgroup questions was HPV questions with 69.6. A statistically significant difference was found between the participants' profession, training on the subject during their vocational education, and total knowledge scores (p < 0.001). When the knowledge question subscales were compared, a significant difference was found between participants' gender and HPV questions subscale score (p = 0.028). A statistically significant difference was found between the participants' professions, receiving training on the subject during vocational training, and all subscales (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the participants' income status and risk factors questions scores (p = 0.026). Conclusion This study shows that the knowledge and training of healthcare professionals working in a training and research hospital in Somalia for early cervical cancer diagnosis are not sufficient. In addition, it reveals that female healthcare professionals have almost no Pap smears. Therefore, studies and training should be planned to train all healthcare professionals, especially female healthcare professionals, and overcome all possible obstacles to the acceptance of the screening tests by women.

The intensive care nurse is responsible for caring patients with complex and life-threatening problems. The reasons such as the multiple problems who caring in the intensive care unit, the high caring requirements and the lack of care personnel can affect the ethical sensitivities, job motivations and hopelessness of the intensive care nurses. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the relationship between moral sensitivity, work motivation and hopelessness in nurses working in intensive care unit. Material and Method: This descriptive study was conducted between the date March 2019-May 2019 with the nurses working in the intensive care unit of a state hospital. Of the 75 nurses' data were collected at the time that study was conducted. "Descriptive Prosperities Information Form", "Moral Sensitivity Scale", "Nurses Job Motivation Scale" and "Beck Hopelessness Scale" were used as data collection tools. Results: 57.3% of intensive care nurses were male, 77.3% of them were undergraduate and average working year in nursing was found as 8.80±4.39. The mean score of the nurses' job motivation scale was 56.79±7.42, the mean of hopelessness scale was 8.92±4.74 and the mean score of moral sensitivity scale was 89.35±17.30. A statistically significant relationship was found between the working years of the nurses and their hopelessness (p=0.032) and work motivations (p=0.037). In our study, there was a statistically significant relationship between the levels of hopelessness and job motivations of nurses (r=-0.488, p<0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between the moral sensitivities and job motivations of the nurses participated to the study (r=-0.278, p=0.033). Conclusion: According to our study results, it was found that nurses working time in intensive care unit had an effect on their job motivation and hopelessness level and it was found that that their moral sensitivities affect their job motivations.