No abstract

No abstract

The present results point that high leptin, resistin and ghrelin levels may be involved in the early pathophysiological process which can lead to later obesity and MeS in patients with bipolar disorder.

Background/aim: Neurotrophins are one of the most important molecule groups affecting cerebral neuroplasticity. The amount of evidence about the role of changes in neuroplasticity in the pathophysiology of bipolar disease is growing. Materials and methods: We measured serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, neuritin 1 (Nrn 1) in bipolar 1 manic episode patients (n = 45) and healthy control group. Results: When controlled for age, BMI and cortisol, it was found that the serum levels of BDNF, NGF, NT-3, VEGF and FGF-2 of bipolar manic episode patients were not statistically different compared to those of the control group. GDNF level and Nrn 1 levels were significantly lower (P = 0.003 and P = 0.025 respectively) while IGF-1 levels were significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.0001). ROC analysis was performed and the area under the the curve was calculated as 0.737, 0.766 for GDNF, IGF-1 respectively. Conclusion: The changes in the levels of GDNF, IGF-1 and Nrn 1 might be involved in pathopysiology of bipolar disorder, and GDNF, IGF-1 may be considered as state markers in bipolar manic episode.

In neonates and infants, the trachea and main bronchus may be compressed by adjacent cardiovascular structures. Compression of the main bronchi by the patent ductus arteriosus is rare and causes a variety of respiratory problems. Surgical closure of the patent ductus arteriosus that compresses the main bronchus as soon as possible is an effective treatment option. Rapid clinical recovery is expected after surgical closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. We present a case of patent ductus arteriosus which caused obstruction of the left main bronchus.