Цель исследования. Оценка объема и охвата обследованиями пациенток с привычным невынашиванием беременности в условиях первичного звена здравоохранения ЗелАО г. Москвы. Материалы и методы. Проведено сравнение частоты встречаемости невынашивания беременности в странах Европы, США, России и в городе Москве. Выполнен ретроспективный анализ 221 истории болезни за период 2013-2015 гг. у пациенток, имевших в анамнезе 2 и более случаев невынашивания беременности. Критериями отбора в исследование явились: завершение беременности в сроке гестации от 22 до 37 недель, наличие диагноза «привычное невынашивание» при постановке на учет по беременности. Результаты. Описаны факторы, предрасполагающие к невынашиванию, оценены охват первичным звеном здравоохранения этих пациенток, своевременность постановки на учет по беременности, полнота обследования смежными специалистами при наличии у пациенток сопутствующей патологии. Проведена оценка частоты встречаемости соматической экстрагенитальной патологии у пациенток с привычным невынашиванием беременности (ПНБ), а также влияние этой патологии на протекание беременности. Определено влияние ранее перенесенных воспалительных заболеваний органов малого таза на вероятное невынашивание беременности, проведена оценка качества диагностики подобных заболеваний на раннем этапе наблюдения в первичном звене. Установлено, что предгравидарная подготовка пациенток с ПНБ на 80% может быть осуществлена в рамках обследований, предоставляемых по программе территориального медицинского обслуживания пациентов. Оценена роль дорогостоящих исследований, проведенных в рамках предгравидарной подготовки пациенток с ПНБ, оценена целесообразность проведения таких исследований. Заключение. Разработаны рекомендации профилактики вероятного невынашивания беременности, принципы наблюдения таких пациенток в первичном звене здравоохранения на примере ЗелАО г. Москвы, даны предложения по внедрению этих методик в первичное звено здравоохранения.
Based on the analyses of normative-legislative documents related to medical activities in RF published between 1990 and 2017 the classification of medical facility legal risks has been formed. The usage of the classification enables building systematic approach for legal protection.The right for health protection is ensured also by providing paid medical services according to the Federal Act on Public Health Care. It doesn’t follow from Russian legislation that this right could be exercised only in private medical institutions, which makes public medical institutions legitimate participants of the process. However, in accordance with the Government Resolution No. 1006, there is range of restrictions for public medical institutions in case they provide paid medical services. For instance, they must justify charging by informing consumers about their rights guaranteed by the State guarantees program.The analysis of normative-legislative documents that ensure regulation of public medical services caused the classification of legal risks. The violation of the Consumer Protection Act and of the Civil Code (contractual risks) appeared to become the most common ones.There is no clear notion of “medical error”. That’s why it is almost impossible to make a distinction between patient irresponsibility, staff negligence or low doctor’s professionalism. This is the reason for patients’ rights as well as medical personnel responsibility to be regulated by the state.The analysis that is been made shows that risks and sanctions in the provision of Paid Medical Services by State institutions occur in cases of misconduct while providing Paid Medical Services. The most typical cases of misconduct while providing Paid Medical Services come when: medical services could be provided under the State guarantees program; failure to provide medical care occurs; violation of medical and contractual documents in the provision of Paid Medical Services takes place; violation of patient’s rights to receive complete and reliable information related to medical care takes place.
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» Министерст ва здравоохранения России, 127254, г. Москва, Российская Федерация 2 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, г. Москва, Российская Федерация
The pandemic of COVID-19, the threat of technogenic and anthropogenic character, brought to the foreground non-market aspects of the general, corporate branch culture and strategy in medicine and health care. Therefore, in many countries, despite differences in state and private property ratios in health infrastructure, the state priority is ensuring cooperation within the national health care system which capable quickly and well-coordinated work in the extremely dangerous epidemics conditions and other emergency situations. The purpose of this article is discussing a problem of public and private models of medical care organization in Russian health care system.Materials and methods. Content analysis methods, economical and statistical analysis, information and analytical materials of the Russian and foreign news agencies, a summary across Russia of Rosstat form No. 62 of the state statistical observation «Data on resource providing and on delivery of health care to the population» (legal entities - the medical organizations which are carrying out activity in the sphere of compulsory health insurance), analytical materials and statistical data of World Health Organization (The European portal of information of health care of WHO: https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/hfa-explorer/), statistical data and metadata on the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, https://stats.oecd.org/), the materials of monographic researches and periodicals including placed on the Internet were used in this article.Results: the system of compulsory health insurance is an ancestor of the program of the state guarantees of free medical care of in Russian citizens. The length of the text of this Program so far was increased in 130 times in comparison with initial edition of 1998. At the same time, there is still no clear delineation for the bases, volumes and conditions differentiation of free and paid medical care rendering. As a result, the major human right to free medical care remains not completely realized. The numbers of the non-state medical organizations to provide free of charge medical care to the population according to the policy of obligatory medical insurance (i.e. financed from the state sources) in the period of 2011 to 2019 – from 648 to 2423 organizations respectively were increased in Russia four times. This demonstrates the creation of the new, «integrated» model of health care in Russia in the mode of public and private partnership for deciding of social tasks. Although, free medical care for citizens in the private medical organizations is not mentioned in the Constitution of Russian Federation (Main Law). In emergency situations such integration allows private medical structures to involve capacities and also be coordinated with one of the tasks of the Ministry of health target program «Development of the Fundamental, Transmitting and Personalized Medicine».Conclusions. There is a formation of the integrated, public and private (hybrid) model of health care in modern Russia that needs developing of a new partnership and principles of management in the sphere of medical care organization. State policy in the health care financing sphere should be directed not only to the state guarantees of medical care specification, but also to a gap in social and economic inequality reduction. The social protection systems should be focused, first of all, on people who are most in great need of medical care. For the protecting population from catastrophic payments for medical care, it is necessary to bring the concept of the social standards - a number of the general rules, norms and standards which must guarantee the state ensuring constitutional rights of citizens to free medical care in the health care legislation.
Информация о финансировании. Подготовка статьи осуществлена из личных средств авторов. Конфликт интересов. Все авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
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