No abstract

Nanocrystalline powders have been prepared by a citrate gel modification of the sol - gel technique. Using a relatively low temperature, , and (i) a process of extracting oxygen and reoxidizing the precursor powder or (ii) a sequence of vacuum annealing and prolonged heating in air, it was possible to avoid sintering of the particles. According to x-ray powder diffraction analysis the particles have orthorhombic structure pertinent to the phase. Measurements made by atomic force microscopy show that they have flat shape with two maxima in the thickness distribution, one at 1.2 nm and the other at 3.8 nm , corresponding to one or three orthorhombic unit cell lengths of the crystal. The average width of the particles is 40 nm. A similar value could be obtained from XRD measurements and the width of microwave absorption line around zero applied field. Superconducting properties of the powders were investigated with magnetization measurements.

No abstract

No abstract

Specimens with V and U shaped notches made of austenitic high nitrogen corrosion resistant 05Kh20G10N3AMF steel are subjected to impact tests in the temperature range from +20 to -196°C, and stress-strain diagrams are recorded. The test data are used to estimate impact toughness KCV and KCU, dynamic fracture toughness J id at the stage of crack nucleation, and crack propagation energy A p . The microrelief of the fracture surfaces is studied. As compared to forging, quenching from 1100°C is found to increase the impact toughness and the dynamic cracking resistance of the steel during impact loading and to decrease the ductile-brittle transition temperature. The steel is shown to exhibit the cold brittleness behavior characteristic of bcc materials. A model is proposed for the formation of cleavage facets in austenitic steels. It is based on easy slip along lattice planes under the low shear stress at a notch tip and the development of fracture at a stress lower than the yield strength of the material.