Abstract:Specimens with V and U shaped notches made of austenitic high nitrogen corrosion resistant 05Kh20G10N3AMF steel are subjected to impact tests in the temperature range from +20 to -196°C, and stress-strain diagrams are recorded. The test data are used to estimate impact toughness KCV and KCU, dynamic fracture toughness J id at the stage of crack nucleation, and crack propagation energy A p . The microrelief of the fracture surfaces is studied. As compared to forging, quenching from 1100°C is found to increase t… Show more
“…The dynamic fracture toughness of specimens J Id was calculated from the following formula: where A i is the work to crack initiation; B , W is the width and height of the specimen; and a is the notch depth.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The kinetics of variation of the energy expenditure in case of the impact toughness, dynamic fracture and energy efficiency of individual stages of failure are given in Table .…”
Section: Impact Toughness Of Specimens From the Osl Steelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Plastic deformation and material fracture are the successive stages of the evolution of shear deformation, nucleation and propagation of cracks . The maximum on the loading diagram corresponds to the crack initiation.…”
The analysis of the energy of fracture of specimens from steel OSL, which is widely used for the manufacture of railway axles under shock loading, is performed. The nature and quantitative parameters of the typical stages of the processes of plastic and brittle fracture, depending on the test temperature and stiffness of the stress state at the tip of the crack‐like defect, are established. It is shown that impact loading at 20 °C leads to the formation of the local zone of plasticity and ductile–brittle fracture of the material. An increased stiffness of the stress state at the tip of the defect at −40 °C causes brittle fracture. An approach is developed, which is based on using the size of shear lips as a quantitative parameter of fracture under normal and low temperatures, similar in its physical essence to deformation approaches of nonlinear fracture mechanics. Based on this approach and the quantitative analysis of specimen fracture zones, the physical and mechanical scheme of specimen fracture is proposed in the presence of localized plasticity and in its absence near the tip of the concentrator.
“…The dynamic fracture toughness of specimens J Id was calculated from the following formula: where A i is the work to crack initiation; B , W is the width and height of the specimen; and a is the notch depth.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The kinetics of variation of the energy expenditure in case of the impact toughness, dynamic fracture and energy efficiency of individual stages of failure are given in Table .…”
Section: Impact Toughness Of Specimens From the Osl Steelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Plastic deformation and material fracture are the successive stages of the evolution of shear deformation, nucleation and propagation of cracks . The maximum on the loading diagram corresponds to the crack initiation.…”
The analysis of the energy of fracture of specimens from steel OSL, which is widely used for the manufacture of railway axles under shock loading, is performed. The nature and quantitative parameters of the typical stages of the processes of plastic and brittle fracture, depending on the test temperature and stiffness of the stress state at the tip of the crack‐like defect, are established. It is shown that impact loading at 20 °C leads to the formation of the local zone of plasticity and ductile–brittle fracture of the material. An increased stiffness of the stress state at the tip of the defect at −40 °C causes brittle fracture. An approach is developed, which is based on using the size of shear lips as a quantitative parameter of fracture under normal and low temperatures, similar in its physical essence to deformation approaches of nonlinear fracture mechanics. Based on this approach and the quantitative analysis of specimen fracture zones, the physical and mechanical scheme of specimen fracture is proposed in the presence of localized plasticity and in its absence near the tip of the concentrator.
“…Критическая температура хрупкости может не совпадать с температурой вязко-хрупкого перехода. Например, в работе [34] сталь 20Cr -10Mn -3Ni -Mo, V с 0,53 % N (05Х20Г10Н3АМФ) с широким интервалом ВХП в состоянии после закалки от 1100 °С и в работе [35] стали 18Cr -10Mn -0,35N, содержащие 0 -2 % Ni и 0 -2 % Cu, имели при Т DBT приемлемый для практики уровень ударной вязкости (125 -175 Дж/см 2 ). Критерием хладостойкости для аустенитных Cr -Ni сталей считается температура, при которой уровень ударной вязкости составляет не менее 30 Дж/см 2 (0,3 МДж/м 2 ) [2].…”
The authors have studied cold resistance of thelaboratorymetal of a new austenitic grade of nitrogen-containing casting steel (21 – 22) Cr – 15Mn – 8Ni – 1.5Mo – V (Russian grade 5Kh21АG15N8МFL) with nitrogen content of 0.5 % and yield strength of ~400 MPa. The temperature dependence of impact toughness was constructed in the range +20 ... –160 °C and it was shown that the steel is characterized by a wide temperature range of the viscous-brittle transition with T DBT = –75 °C, at which KCV = 120 ± 10 J/cm2. Comparison material – industrial, centrifugally cast 18Cr – 10Ni steel (grade 12Kh18N10-CC) has such a KCV level at +20 °C. It is not prone to viscous-brittle transition, its impact strength decreases more gently and at temperatures lower than –80 °C and its KCV level is higher than that of nitrous steel. However, in the entire range of climatic temperatures, nitrous casting steel with 0.5 % of N exceeds its impact strength. The studied steels have residual δ-ferrite in the cast structure in an amount of up to ~10 % in Cr– Ni industrial steel and a smaller amount in laboratory nitrous steel. It is enriched by chromium, up to 26 and 34 wt. % respectively, and contains ~14 % of Mn in nitrogen steel. Presence of Mn does not affect the nature of fractures at climatic temperatures. However, δ-ferrite of nitrous steel at –160 °C is beyond the cold brittle threshold. Therefore, its fracture obtained at this temperature contains numerous cracks in δ-ferrite crystals. The critical fragility temperature below which this material is not recommended for use is Тк ≈ –110 °С; it was determined by the criterion method. It corresponds to a level of KCV of 68 – 83 J/cm2, higher than the level of KCU at +20 °C, allowed by the standard of the Russian Federation for castings from austenitic class of steels (up to 59 J/cm2 ). Based on a comparison of literature and our own data, it was concluded that it is impossible to ensure high cold resistance and, at the same time, high strength, due to alloying of economically alloyed nickel (up to 4 %) corrosion-resistant steels by 0.5 – 0.6 % of N.
“…It is obvious that the fracture energy in case of nucleation and propagation of the crack is determined by the ability of its structure to resist crack propagation. The dynamic crack growth resistance J I of specimens was determined from formula [13]:…”
Abstract:The correlation of microstructure, temperature and Charpy V-notch impact properties of a steel 17G1S pipeline steel was investigated in this study. Within the concept of physical mesomechanics, the dynamic failure of specimens is represented as a successive process of the loss of shear stability, which takes place at different structural/scale levels of the material. Characteristic stages are analyzed for various modes of failure, moreover, typical levels of loading and oscillation periods, etc. are determined. Relations between low temperature derived through this test, microstructures and Charpy (V-notch) toughness test results are also discussed in this paper.
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